Keartamen 2 (K2) - Finals

Moderator says: “I will read one test question for no points. This question is not necessarily reflective of the difficulty of the round or tournament. Topics in test questions may appear later in the tournament.”

0. When his daughter answered his entreaties only by veiling her face, what man immediately erected a shrine to Modesty, letting her leave Sparta and reach Ithaca with her new husband?

ICARIUS

B1: What woman was often said to be the mother of Icarius by her first husband, Perieres?

GORGOPHONE

B2: What son of Icarius is sometimes said to have been the accuser of Orestes on the Areopagus?

PERILEÜS / PERILAÜS

Moderator says: “Subsequent questions will count for points. Good luck and have fun!”

1. What general type of grammatical construction—which is often prefaced with utpote or quippe when it has a causal sense—can be replaced by a quīn-clause when negated and can be found after phrases such as solus est, nēmō est, and quis est?

RELATIVE CLAUSE OF CHARACTERISTIC [PROMPT ON “RELATIVE CLAUSE”]

B1: Say using the best classical Latin and only subjunctive verbs: “Why should they have run when they saw nothing to fear?”

{QUID / CŪR} {CURRERENT / CUCURISSENT} CUM VĪDĒRENT NIHIL QUOD
{TIMĒRENT / METUERENT / VERĒRENTUR}? [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B2: Say using the best classical Latin and a relative clause: “The attack killed more soldiers than the undertakers could bury.”

{IMPETUS / ADITUS} {PLŪS MĪLITUM // PLŪRĒS MĪLITĒS} {INTERFĒCIT / NECĀVIT}
QUAM QUŌS LIBITĪNĀRIĪ {SEPELĪRE / OPERĪRE} POSSENT [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

2. What author had a work which was interpreted as representing the stages of man’s life by Fulgentius, was termed “l’altissimo poeta” by Dante when he served as his guide in the Underworld in Inferno, and had his corpus used as prophetic texts in so-called sortēs?

(PUBLIUS) VERGIL(IUS MARO) // VIRGIL

B1: What Italian poet, who is often said to have ushered in the Renaissance by rediscovering Cicero’s letters, authored an epic called Africa that was largely modeled on the Aeneid?

PETRARCH // (FRANCESCO) PETRARCA

B2: What other Italian, who borrows from Apuleius’ Metamorphōsēs for a few of the stories in his best-known work, composed a Theseid that contained the same number of books and lines as Vergil’s Aeneid?

(GIOVANNI) BOCCACCIO

3. Originally a notārius in Attila the Hun’s court, what man was chosen by Julius Nepos to replace Gundobad, then overthrew Nepos himself, allowing him to enthrone his 12-year-old son under a nickname meaning “little Augustus”?

ORESTES

B1: What emperor, whom Gundobad appointed to succeed Olybrius before leaving Rome, briefly ruled the West before he was overthrown by Julius Nepos in 474 A.D.?

GLYCERIUS

B2: At this time, Zeno was ruling in the East. Zeno was originally a chieftain in what mountainous Turkish region, whose people later led an extended revolt against the rule of Anastasius I?

ISAUR(I)A

4. What meaning is shared by the deponents “praestōlor” and “opperior”?

(TO / I) EXPECT / AWAIT / WAIT FOR [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B1: Give the meaning of the deponent “fatīscor,” which appears in classical Latin as fatīscō.

(TO / I) GAPE / CRACK (OPEN) // (TO / I) FATIGUE / GROW TIRED [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B2: Give either the meaning of the deponent “pālor” or the deponent “rīmor.”

PĀLOR = (TO / I) WANDER / STRAGGLE / STRAY or RĪMOR = (TO / I) TEAR OPEN / INVESTIGATE [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

5. What man—who yells “I am the greatest! No Achaean can beat me with his fists!” before felling Euryalus in the boxing contest at Patroclus’ funeral games—was helped by Athena in constructing the Trojan horse?

EPE(I)US

B1: Epeius also competes in the throwing-contest at the funeral games, losing to what Lapith, who also beats his own great friend Leonteus?

POLYPOETES

B2: Name Epeius’ father, an émigré to Phocis who participated in the Calydonian boar hunt and joined Amphitryon in attacking the Teleboans.

PANOPEUS

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6. What geographic region is referred to in an enigmatic phrase indicating that death is everywhere—“et in [this region] ego”—as well as a Vergilian phrase for “two of a kind” that describes a pair of Greeks?

ARCADIA / ARCADIA / ARCADIĀ

B1: Because of its famous intelligentsia, what region of Greece is joined with “sal” in a two-word phrase that means “keen wit”?

ATTICA / ATTICUS / ATTICUM

B2: In the early modern period, important textbooks on Latin verse composition and music theory were known by the Latin title “Gradūs ad [what location]” in Greece?

(MT.) PARNASSUS / PARNASSUS / PARNASSUM

7. The sentiment “the nightingale sings, but we are mute: when is my spring coming?” ends what poem, which describes three festive days at Hybla in Sicily and includes the romantic refrain “crās amet quī numquam amāvit, quīque amāvit crās amet”?

PERVIGILIUM VENERIS

B1: What name, invented in modern times, is given to the poetic collection in which the Pervigilium Veneris appears?

ANTHOLOGIA LATĪNA // LATIN ANTHOLOGY

B2: What author’s hexameter poem Dē Concubitū Mārtis et Veneris is also included in the Anthologia Latīna?

REPOSIANUS

8. Note to players: A description is acceptable. What subject was addressed in 191 B.C. by the Lēx Acīlia and tackled by Sosigenes of Alexandria, whose astronomical calculations led to a set of reforms by Julius Caesar around 46 B.C.?

(ROMAN) CALENDAR (REFORM) // INTERCALATION [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B1: What Latin name is given to the calendar-based lists of magistrates and triumphs, which were known respectively as the cōnsulārēs and triumphālēs?

FĀSTĪ (CŌNSULĀRĒS / TRIUMPHĀLĒS)

B2: In 304 B.C., what son of a freedman posted in the Forum a calendar of diēs fāstī and diēs nefāstī, indicating on which days business was and was not permitted?

GNAEUS FLAVIUS

9. What two similar-sounding words, one a noun referring to “a rounded knob on a sword-hilt” and the other a verb meaning to “strike repeatedly with the fists,” both derive from the noun pōmum?

POMMEL and PUMMEL

B1: Differentiate in derivation between the noun “manger” and the suffix “-monger,” as seen in words such as “fishmonger” and “cheesemonger.” Please provide the definition for each Latin word.

MANDŌ (MANDERE) = (TO / I) CHEW / BITE and MANGŌ = SLAVE-DEALER

B2: Differentiate in derivation between the nouns “suet” and “suit.” Please provide the definition for each Latin word.

SĒBUM = GREASE and SEQUOR = (TO / I) FOLLOW

10. Said to be larger than Asia and Libya combined, originally divided for rule among five pairs of male twins, and terraformed by Poseidon to guard Cleito, what mythological island lost a huge war versus Athens and sank into the sea?

ATLANTIS

B1: Some scholars believe that the story of the sinking of Atlantis derives from a volcanic eruption that devastated what Aegean island, which Membliarus legendarily colonized and which Battus left to found the colony of Cyrene?

THERA / SANTORINI / CALLISTE

B2: What autochthon, one of the first inhabitants of Atlantis, was the father of Cleito with his wife, Leucippe?

EVENOR

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11. What man, who left Beneventum for Rome in middle age, was so infatuated with the archaic poets, including Livius Andronicus, that he beat his students for failing to memorize their works, earning the epithet plāgōsus?

(LUCIUS) ORBILIUS (PUPILLUS)

B1: In what work, where Horace claims to have invented a new literary form, does the term plāgōsus appear?

(HORACE’S) EPISTULAE / EPISTLES

B2: What Republican poet addressed a biting fragment to Orbilius and likely wrote the epic Pragmatia Bellī Gallicī?

(MARCUS) FURIUS BIBACULUS

12. Although they at first resisted conquest by withdrawing to tidal-estuary strongholds, what tribe was defeated when the rigging of their ships was cut with the improvised scythes that a legate of Caesar—Decimus Brutus—had prepared?

VENETI (OF BRITTANY) [DO NOT ACCEPT “ILLYRIAN VENETI”]

B1: What Germanic tribe did Caesar defeat at the Vosges after he received appeals for help from several quarters?

SUEBI / SUEVI

B2: In 55 B.C., Caesar massacred what two Germanic tribes, whom the Suebi had originally displaced, then constructed a bridge across the Rhine in ten days?

USIPETES and TENCTERI [ACCEPT IN EITHER ORDER]

13. Note to players: There is an extra clue after the sentence. Feel free to wait if you wish. Translate the following sentence from Latin to English: “Dīc, sōdēs, quantō possīs satiārī cibō.” The form sōdēs is a contraction of sī audēs.

{SAY / TELL}, {PLEASE // IF YOU PLEASE / WILL / DARE}, BY HOW {MUCH / GREAT}
FOOD YOU CAN BE SATIATED [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B1: Now translate this sentence, taken from Plautus, from Latin to English: “servāte istum sultis intus, nē forīs pedem ecferat.”

GUARD THAT ONE WITHIN, IF YOU (ALL) WISH,
LEST HE TAKE A STEP OUTSIDE [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B2: Now translate this sentence, taken from Plautus, from Latin to English: “Tantī quantī poscit, vīn tantī illam emī”?

DO YOU WANT {HER / THAT ONE} TO BE BOUGHT FOR
AS HIGH A PRICE AS HE DEMANDS? [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

14. In Ovid’s Metamorphōsēs, what sort of physical feature miraculously appears on the women of Cos, as well as—in Book 15—on a man who rejects the Roman kingship after seeing his reflection in a stream and is named Cipus?

HORN(S) / ANTLER(S) / CORNŪ / CORNUA

B1: According to Ovid’s Metamorphōsēs, what inhabitant of Mount Othrys was saved from drowning by a group of nymphs? Another source says that he was transformed into a scarab beetle, which possesses prominent horns.

TERAMBUS / CERAMBUS

B2: According to Ovid’s Metamorphōsēs, what Cypriot people, who had twin horns on their foreheads, were transformed into horned bulls by Venus after engaging in persistent human sacrifice?

CERASTAE

15. The praestitēs, permarīnī, and viālēs were subcategories of what group, who were honored with garlands on the Kalends, Nones, and Ides and who received the dedicated bulla of a boy undergoing the Līberālia?

LARĒS

B1: What specific locations were watched over by the Larēs Compitālēs, who were fêted in the Compitālia?

CROSSROADS

B2: What hymn begins with a triple invocation of the “Lasēs”—an ancient name for the Larēs—calls on the Sēmōnēs and the god Mars, and ends with a quintuple shout of “triumphe”?

CARMEN ARVĀLE

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16. Please read the following passage about the death of Verginius Rufus, taken from a Silver-Age letter. I will paste it
in the chat, after which you will have one minute to read it through before I ask the question. Please answer in English:

Annum tertium et octogensimum excessit in altissima tranquillitate, pari veneratione. Usus est firma valetudine,
nisi quod solebant ei manus tremere, citra dolorem tamen. Aditus tantum mortis durior longiorque, sed hic ipse
laudabilis. Nam cum vocem praepararet acturus in consulatu principi gratias, liber quem forte acceperat
grandiorem, et seni et stanti ipso pondere elapsus est. Hunc dum sequitur colligitque, per leve et lubricum
pavimentum fallente vestigio cecidit coxamque fregit, quae parum apte collocata reluctante aetate male coiit.

The question: Verginius Rufus enjoyed strong health, except for what ailment, though it brought him no pain?

HIS HANDS SHOOK [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B1: How did a book factor into the death of Verginius Rufus?

(AS HE WAS PRACTICING / PREPARING TO GIVE THANKS TO THE EMPEROR), HE DROPPED A BOOK, SLIPPED ON THE (SMOOTH) PAVEMENT, AND BROKE HIS HIP (WHICH SET POORLY) [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B2: The passage continues. You will have 30 seconds for this bonus: ille mihi tutor relictus affectum parentis exhibuit. Sic candidatum me suffragio ornavit; sic ad omnes honores meos ex secessibus accucurrit, cum iam pridem eiusmodi officiis renuntiasset; sic illo die quo sacerdotes solent nominare quos dignissimos sacerdotio iudicant, me semper nominabat.

What was remarkable about Verginius Rufus’ decision to support the writer when he offered himself as a candidate for office?

HE HAD LONG BEFORE RENOUNCED DUTIES OF THAT SORT [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

17. What author, who aided Hortensius in defending Verres from prosecution, adopted the dramatic elements of Clitarchus’ “tragic” historiography and was a would-be ēmendātor sermōnis ūsitātī according to Cicero?

(LUCIUS CORNELIUS) SISENNA

B1: In Caesar’s verse epigram on Terence, he praises the comedian’s linguistic immaculacy with what three-word phrase, partly related to ēmendātor sermōnis ūsitātī?

PŪRĪ SERMŌNIS AMĀTOR

B2: In Book 1 of the Dē Rērum Nātūrā, Lucretius uses what three-word Latin phrase, again containing the form sermōnis, to lament the paucity of vocabulary in Latin?

PATRIĪ SERMŌNIS EGESTĀS

18. In the Aeneid, who bears a shield depicting the Lernaean Hydra and wears a fearsome lion skin while aiding Turnus in order to flaunt his parentage, because he is a son of Hercules by the priestess Rhea?

AVENTINUS

B1: Some believe Aventinus was Vergil’s invention, but others consider him a native Italian hero adapted by the author to the story. Similarly, what ancient Roman goddess, who is said to have saved the plebeians during their first secession, may have been transformed by Vergil into the sister of Dido in the Aeneid?

ANNA PERENNA [PROMPT ON “ANNA”]

B2: Similarly, what ancient Italian cult-hero was worshipped with Egeria and Diana at Aricia before Vergil made him a character in the poem as the son of a woman named Aricia?

VIRBIUS

19. Perhaps partly based on a scheme created by Pliny the Younger at Comum, what system tried to bolster Italy’s population with payments that supported the raising of freeborn children after being instituted by Nerva or Trajan?

ALIMENTA // ALIMENTARY (SYSTEM)

B1: What emperor established a similar charity for young girls in honor of his deified wife, for whom he erected a temple in the Roman Forum that bears both of their names?

ANTONINUS PIUS

B2: What is the name for a gift of oil, grain, or money to the people on special occasions like military victories, such as when Trajan gave a donative of 650 dēnāriī per head after the First Dacian War?

CONGIĀRIUM / CONGIĀRIA

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20. The quotes “dīxit et ē currū saltum dedit ōcius arvīs,” “inferretque deōs Latiō,” and “facilis dēscēnsus Avernō” display what use of the dative common in Vergilian poetry?

(DATIVE OF) DIRECTION

B1: What use of the dative, a subset of the dative of reference, is common with personal pronouns and is exemplified by Cicero’s phrase “Ecce tibi Sebosus”?

ETHICAL (DATIVE) // (DATĪVUS) ĒTHICUS

B2: What name is sometimes given to a dative that marks the entity from whose perspective a statement is true, like with both datives in Catullus’ phrase “Quīntia fōrmōsa est multīs, mihi candida, longa, rēcta est”?

(DATIVE OF THE) PERSON JUDGING // (DATĪVUS) IŪDICANTIS

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