Keartamen 2 (K2) - Quarterfinals

Moderator Instructions for Starting the Round:

Moderator says: “I will read one test question for no points. This question is not necessarily reflective of the difficulty of the round or tournament. Topics in test questions may appear later in the tournament.”

0. What girl’s transformation is described in these lines from Ovid’s Metamorphōsēs: “She went upstairs to a rooftop room with open windows and, looking down, saw [him] lying there, [dead] … In that instant her eyes froze, the warm blood left her body, and she turned pale … Little by little, the stone that had lived so long in her hard heart gained possession of her body.”

ANAXARETE

B1: What god uses the example of Anaxarete in the Metamorphōsēs to show why one should not be hard-hearted?

VERTUMNUS

B2: In what city on the island of Cyprus did Anaxarete live?

SALAMIS

Moderator says: “Subsequent questions will count for points. Good luck and have fun!”

1. Who died at Megara due to old age and the passing of his son Aegialeus, having once yoked his daughters to a proverbial lion and boar before leading an expedition to restore the deposed king Polyneices?

ADRASTUS

B1: Polyneices was the proverbial lion, because his shield bore the emblem of a lion. Which of the Seven Against Thebes was the proverbial boar?

TYDEUS

B2: Yoking in this case meant marrying. Name both the daughter whom Adrastus yoked to Polyneices and the daughter whom he yoked to Tydeus.

ARGEIA [POLYNEICES] and DEÏPYLE [TYDEUS]

2. What Latin word is represented by the “s.” in the related abbreviations “s.l.” and “s.l.a.n.,” as well as the related abbreviations “ob.s.p.” and “d.s.p.”?

SINE

B1: The abbreviation “s.d.,” itself related to “s.l.” and “s.l.a.n.,” indicates that an assembly is adjourning indefinitely and stands for what two-word Latin phrase?

SINE DIĒ

B2: The abbreviation “s.m.p.,” itself related to “ob.s.p.” and “d.s.p.,” stands for what three-word Latin phrase?

SINE MASCULĀ PRŌLE

3. What author, who died of gout at the age of 70 during the Lūdī Apollinārēs, wrote the palliātae Caupuncula and Pancratiastēs, as well as a didactic work on gastronomy, Hedyphagetica?

(QUINTUS) ENNIUS

B1: Ennius addresses what man in a famous alliteration, saying “you have brought such great things upon yourself”?

TITUS TATIUS [PROMPT on “TATIUS”]

B2: What work of Ennius, drawing on a treatise by Aristotle, was probably an exhortation to study philosophy?

PROTREPTICUS / PROTREPTICUM

4. Who said that “if the old woman had not arrived, [he] would have whipped the boy back to Rome” when Metellus Pius saved Pompey after battles at Lauro and Sucro, which he won with native Iberians whom he drilled as legionaries?

(QUINTUS) SERTORIUS

B1: Sertorius allegedly used what kind of animal, said to be fully snowy-white, to converse with the goddess Diana?

FAWN / DOE / DEER

B2: Forces of Metellus Pius crushed what subordinate of Sertorius, generally thought to be his second-in-command, at a site perhaps near Segovia in 75 B.C.?

(LUCIUS) HIRTULEIUS

5. In what city, which was home to a fresco depicting a woman dubbed “La Parisienne”(“"pah-rih-zee-EN"”) and a fresco showing bull-leaping, did Sir Arthur Evans excavate a palace in hopes of finding Minos’ lost labyrinth?

KNOSSOS

B1: A faience(“fay-AHNCE”) statuette from Knossos depicts a priestess or goddess holding two of what type of animal in her hands?

SNAKE(S) / SERPENT(S)

B2: A fresco from Akrotiri, probably located in a room used for female puberty initiation rites, depicts young girls harvesting what crop as a goddess supervises?

CROCUS(ES) / SAFFRON

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6. Dēscrībāmus nunc proprietātēs dictiōnum in hāc sententiā: “Parvī enim sunt forīs arma, nisi est cōnsilium domī.” Quō cāsū sunt “forīs” et “domī”?

(IN) LOCĀTĪVŌ

B1: Respondē Anglicē: Quō cāsū et quā rātiōne est “parvī”?

GENITIVE OF (INDEFINITE) VALUE [PROMPT ON “QUALITY” OR “DESCRIPTION”]

B2: Mūtā hanc sententiam in ōrātiōnem oblīquam cum verbō “dīcit.”

(DĪCIT) PARVĪ ENIM ESSE FORĪS ARMA, NISI SIT CŌNSILIUM DOMĪ

7. What people produced Tarrutius, the man courted by the prostitute Acca Larentia after she slept with a god, as well as Aeneas’ ally Tarchon and the bitter father of Lausus who fought against him, Mezentius?

ETRUSCAN(S) / TUSCAN(S) / ETRURIAN(S) / TYRRHENIAN(S) / TYRSENIAN(S)

B1: In Book 10 of the Aeneid, Mezentius is compared to what man “when he strides through Ocean’s deepest chasms, forging a way, his shoulders towering above the waves,” perhaps referring to his journey in which he was aided by Cedalion?

ORION

B2: The Aeneid says what people first settled Mezentius’ city? An oracle told a ruler of this people that he would destroy a great empire by attacking the Persians: he attacked them and was crushed, destroying his own great empire.

LYDIAN(S)

8. Translate the following sentence about Demosthenes, adapted from Cicero’s Dē Ōrātōre: Respondēbat Dēmosthenem summam vim habuisse dīcendī.

{HE / SHE} WAS RESPONDING THAT DEMOSTHENES HAD (HAD)
THE HIGHEST {FORCE / VIGOR} OF SPEAKING [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B1: Now translate this sentence, adapted from the same work, into English: Sed mīrābātur utrum Dēmosthenēs suō ingeniō an studiō discendī dīcere potuisset.

BUT HE WAS WONDERING WHETHER DEMOSTHENES {WAS ABLE TO // HAD BEEN ABLE TO // COULD} SPEAK {BY / THROUGH} HIS OWN GENIUS OR {BY / THROUGH} ZEAL OF LEARNING
[ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B2: Now translate this sentence, adapted from the same work, into English: Dīcēbat nōn quid Dēmosthenēs dīcere potuisset, sed quid istī rhētorēs docērent esse quaerendum.

HE WAS SAYING THAT IT {MUST BE SOUGHT // OUGHT TO BE SOUGHT} NOT {WHY / WHAT} DEMOSTHENES {WAS ABLE TO // HAD BEEN ABLE TO // COULD} SPEAK, BUT WHAT THOSE {RHETORICIANS / ORATORS} WERE TEACHING [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

9. A letter between what two authors, one of whom was once mistaken for the other in the Circus Maximus, provides the primary account of an admiral’s death near Misenum following the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius?

PLINY THE YOUNGER and (PUBLIUS / GAIUS CORNELIUS) TACITUS [PROMPT ON “PLINY”]

B1: How many books of Pliny’s Epistulae were prepared for publication by the author himself, rather than being drawn from the archives of the emperors after his death?

NINE / 9

B2: Pliny’s Epistulae often mention occasions when he read a forthcoming speech or unpublished poetry to an invited audience of notables. Give the specific Latin name for these readings, which Seneca the Elder thought to have originated with Asinius Pollio.

RECITĀTIŌ(NĒS)

10. Name the city in which the following historical events occurred: Faustus Sulla was the first to scale a wall defended by partisans of Aristobulus II; a man whose name meant “son of a star” revolted to protest the construction of a temple to Jupiter Capitolinus; the seven-branched candelabrum, or menorah, was stolen by forces of Titus.

JERUSALEM // AELIA CAPITOLINA // HIEROSOLYMA

B1: Name that “son of a star” who revolted to protest the building of a temple to Jupiter Capitolinus.

(SIMON) BAR-KOKHBA // (SIMON) BEN KOSEVAH / COSIBAH

B2: The partisans of Aristobulus II occupied the Temple Mount during a civil war against what brother of Aristobulus?

(JOHN) HYRCANUS (II) [PROMPT ON “JOHN”; DO NOT ACCEPT “(JOHN) HYRCANUS I”]

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11. For what sort of activity might men gather “plagae,” “rētia,” and “vēnābula”—a word derived from the deponent verb “vēnor, vēnārī,”—to capture or kill “ferae”?

HUNT(S) / HUNTING / VĒNĀTIŌ(NĒS) [ACCEPT ANY
ANSWER THAT DENOTES HUNTING A PARTICULAR ANIMAL]

B1: The first three of these words—“plāgae,” “rētia,” and “vēnābula”—appear in a single line of Book 4 of the Aeneid as native Massylians prepare to accompany Dido and Aeneas on a hunt. Soon after, Dido’s horse “frēna ... spūmantia mandit.” Translate this phrase.

(THE HORSE) {BITES / BIT / CHEWED / CHEWS (AT)} THE FOAMING {BIT(S) / BRIDLE / REINS} [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B2: Soon after, Dido is described. She has a golden quiver, her hair is bound with gold, and an “aurea purpuream subnectit fībula vestem.” Translate this line.

A GOLD BROOCH {BINDS / FASTENS} HER PURPLE {CLOTHING / TUNIC} [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

12. In the Odyssey, who tells how he led men out from “scooped-out lairs in the sand,” removing the newly-flayed seal-skins with which Eidothea had covered them, in order to capture a shape-shifting old man, Proteus?

MENELAÜS

B1: In the Odyssey, on what island in the Nile Delta does Proteus live?

PHAROS

B2: In a play by Euripides, Helen is taken to Egypt so that Proteus can keep her safe during the Trojan War. However, he soon dies and is succeeded by what son of his, who buries Proteus at the palace gate so he may greet him when entering and leaving?

THEOCLYMENUS

13. What author addressed the former mistress of Mark Antony in a work of elegies, of which only ten lines, primarily discovered in Egypt, remain of the original four books of Amōrēs?

(GAIUS CORNELIUS) GALLUS

B1: Gallus’ addressee worked as a mime under the stage name “Cytheris.” Give both her real name and the name under which Gallus addressed her in the Amōrēs.

VOLUMNIA [REAL NAME] and LYCORIS [GALLUS’ NAME]

B2: What Greek poet dedicated his Ἐρωτικὰ Παθήματα(“air-aww-tih-kah pah-TAY-mah-tah”), a prose collection of romantic myths, to Gallus?

PARTHENIUS (OF NICAEA)

14. What institutions, which Pliny the Elder said “ruined Italy and are now ruining the provinces,” were estates larger than 500 iūgera that absentee landlords owned and slaves under a vīlicus worked?

LĀTIFUNDIUM / LĀTIFUNDIA

B1: Lātifundia proved particularly dominant in the area just south of Mt. Massicus, whose wine was considered as choice as the Caecuban. Give either the name of this region or its wine.

FALERNUM // AGER FALERNUS // FALERNIAN

B2: Most lātifundia were formed by redistribution of the public land in Italy that Rome had acquired through conquest or appropriation. By what two-word Latin term was this public land known?

AGER PŪBLICUS

15. For the verb capiō, give the classical form that has the same person, number, tense, voice, and mood as duim, an archaic form of dō, as well as the related forms mālim, nōlim, possim, and sim.

CAPIAM

B1: Most properly, the subjunctive in -im is a development from which Proto-Indo-European mood, which shares a name and a general function with a Latin subjunctive use that expresses a wish?

OPTATIVE (MOOD / SUBJUNCTIVE)

B2: What optative-derived form can be found in place of fēcerim in early authors?

FAXIM

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16. Translate the following sentence from English to Latin: They elected Quintus Fabius dictator to fight the battle.

{CREĀVĒRUNT / NŌMINĀVĒRUNT / ĒLĒGĒRUNT} QUĪNTUM FABIUM DICTĀTŌREM {UT PROELIUM PUGNĀRET // AD PROELIUM PUGNANDUM} [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B1: Using an impersonal verb, translate this sentence from English to Latin: It was in Varro’s interest to defeat Hannibal.

VARRŌNIS {INTERERAT / RĒFERĒBAT / INTERFUIT / RĒTULIT}
HANNIBALEM {SUPERĀRE / VINCERE}

B2: Now, using an impersonal verb, translate this sentence from English to Latin: But if the legions had felt shame at the disaster, Hannibal would have never left Italy.

SED SĪ LEGIŌNĒS PUDUISSET {CLĀDIS / CALAMITĀTIS}, HANNIBAL NUMQUAM {ĪTALIAM RELĪQUISSET // AB ĪTALIĀ DISCESSISSET} [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

17. In Ovid’s Metamorphōsēs, who is upset by locals “jumping around a pool” to “churn up soft mud at the very bottom” and deny her water, leading her to cry “live in that [Lycian] swamp forever” and turn them to frogs?

LATONA [DO NOT ACCEPT “LETO”]

B1: Earlier, Ovid describes how Niobe becomes a weeping rock atop what mountain after rejecting Latona’s primacy?

(MT.) SIPYLUS

B2: Although Ovid only refers to the story obliquely, Zeus pursued Latona’s sister, Asteria, until she threw herself into the sea and became what type of bird, called ortyx in Greek?

QUAIL

18. When he declared “Caesar possessed not only the greatest facility and refinement of style, but also the surest skill in explaining his own plans,” what likely author of the Bellum Alexandrīnum acknowledged the difficulty of writing the eighth book of Dē Bellō Gallicō?

(AULUS) HIRTIUS

B1: If each book of Caesar’s Dē Bellō Gallicō covered a year of his campaigns, with the seventh book describing an Arverni-led revolt, what year B.C. is covered by Hirtius’ eighth book?

51 (B.C.)

B2: What work of the Corpus Caesariānum, the last chronologically, is largely written in colloquial—if not ungrammatical—language?

BELLUM HISPĀNIĒNSE // DĒ BELLŌ HISPĀNIĒNSĪ

19. Coats of arms are often emblazoned on an “escutcheon,”(“"ih-SKUH-chin"”) a word derived from what Latin noun, whose derivative “squire” etymologically means “shield-bearer” or “shield-maker”?

SCŪTUM (MEANING “SHIELD”)

B1: Many heraldry terms are derived from Latin, but we will focus on the “attitudes,” or the positions in which an animal is emblazoned next to an escutcheon. For example, a lion walking dexter—towards the viewer’s left—is said to be passant(“puh-SAHNT”). From what Latin verb with what meaning does passant, like the chess term en passant(“ahn puh-SAHNT”), derive?

PANDŌ, (TO / I) SPREAD / OPEN

B2: Similarly, a lion on a seal may be called coward(“cow-AHRD”). Using your knowledge of Latin derivatives and English idiom, describe the position which this lion is in.

(LION HAS) TAIL BETWEEN ITS LEGS [PROMPT ON “SITTING ON ITS TAIL” OR EQUIVALENTS]

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20. A temple to Vica Pota stood at the foot of the Velian on the old site of what man’s house, which he moved from the summit due to charges of restoring the monarchy, partly earning him an agnōmen meaning “friend of the people”?

(PUBLIUS VALERIUS) PUBLICOLA / POPLICOLA

B1: In 509 B.C., Publicola was elected to replace Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus as consul when Collatinus went into exile due to his family name. What name is typically given to such replacement consuls, though Livy first uses it for Spurius Lucretius Tricipitinus?

SUFFECT (CONSUL[S]) // (CŌNSULĒS) SUFFECTĪ // (CŌNSUL) SUFFECTUS

B2: What man perhaps was cōnsul suffectus in 299 B.C., which would be his sixth consulship, and is said to have defeated a gigantic Gaul in single combat some 50 years earlier?

(MARCUS VALERIUS MAXIMUS) CORVUS

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