Keartamen 3 (K3) - Quarterfinals

Moderator says: “I will read one test question for no points. This question is not reflective of the content of the round or tournament.”

0. Oscillation between E and D-sharp notes begin a piano solo that what composer wrote for the aspiring musician “Elise,” though he is also known for the “Moonlight Sonata” and nine symphonies that he wrote while growing deaf?

(LUDWIG VAN) BEETHOVEN

B1: What number is given to Beethoven’s symphony, probably his most famous, that begins with a short-short-short-long motif?

(SYMPHONY NO.) 5

B2: What nickname is typically given to Beethoven’s Symphony No. 6?

PASTORAL(E SYMPHONY)

Moderator says: “Subsequent questions will count for points. Good luck and have fun!”

1. What type of person was taunted with the phrase hoc habet, would be elated to see a signal of pollice compressō but despondent to see one of pollice versō, and “in arēnā cōnsilium capit,” according to a letter by Seneca?

GLADIATOR / GLADIĀTOR

B1: Give the five-word Latin phrase, meaning “hail, Caesar, those who are about to die salute you,” that was supposedly spoken by gladiators as they entered the arena.

AVĒ, {CAESAR / IMPERĀTOR}, MORITŪRĪ TĒ {SALŪTANT / SALŪTĀMUS}

B2: The “gladiator makes his plan in the arena,” according to Seneca, because “aliquid adversāriī vultus, aliquid manus mōta, aliquid inclīnātiō corporis [gladiātōrem] intuentem monet.” Translate this Latin sentence into English.

{SOMEHOW // IN SOME WAY} {THE / A} {EXPRESSION / FACE / GLANCE} OF THE {ADVERSARY // OPPONENT // OPPOSING GLADIATOR}, {SOMEHOW // IN SOME WAY} {THE / A} {MOVED HAND // HAND MOVEMENT}, {SOMEHOW // IN SOME WAY} {THE / A} {INCLINATION / LEANING} OF THE BODY WARNS {THE WATCHING GLADIATOR // THE GLADIATOR AS HE WATCHES} [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

2. What mythological youth was buried at Tomi, a port on the Black Sea supposedly named for the “cuttings” of his body that were scattered across the water so that his Colchian father would delay pursuing his sister, Medea?

ABSYRTUS / APSYRTUS

B1: What epithet, literally meaning “shining one,” was given to Absyrtus in his childhood because he outshone the other Colchian youths? It is also the name of a youth whose death caused a Ligurian king to abandon his people out of grief.

PHAËTHON

B2: According to another tradition, Medea buried her brother at Absoros, then rid the city of what type of animals by confining them with magic in his tomb?

SNAKE(S) / SERPENT(S)

3. What emperor signed a costly treaty of “eternal peace” with the Persian king Chosroes(“"KOZ-row-ays"”) but succeeded in displacing the Vandals from North Africa through Belisarius, helping regain some of the western territory that his Byzantine Empire lacked?

JUSTINIAN {I / THE GREAT} [PROMPT ON “JUSTINIAN”]

B1: Justinian’s famous law code was based on one issued by what long-serving Eastern Roman emperor in 438 A.D.?

THEODOSIUS II [PROMPT ON “THEODOSIUS”]

B2: What unreliable work by Procopius provides intimate, gossipy, and highly crude details about the life of Justinian and his wife, Theodora, in their court?

(THE) SECRET HISTORY // (THE) SECRET HISTORIES // APOKRYPHE HISTORIA // ANECDOTA // HISTORIA ARCĀNA

4. Please read the following passage, taken from Cicero’s Catō Maior dē Senectūte. I will paste it in the chat, after which you will have one minute to read it through before I ask the question. Please answer in English:

quattuor rōbustōs fīliōs, quīnque fīliās, tantam domum, tantās clientēlās Appius regēbat et caecus et senex; intentum enim animum tamquam arcum habēbat nec languēscēns succumbēbat senectūtī; tenēbat nōn modo auctōritātem, sed etiam imperium in suōs, metuēbant servī, verēbantur līberī, carum omnēs habēbant; vigēbat in illā domō mōs patrius — disciplīna.

The question: In a simile, to what sort of object does Cicero compare Appius’ alert mind, or intentum … animum?

(DRAWN / TAUT) BOW

B1: What literary device is found in the sentence “quattuor rōbustōs fīliōs, quīnque fīliās, tantam domum, tantās clientēlās Appius regēbat et caecus et senex”?

ASYNDETON

B2: I will now paste a continuation of the passage into the chat: Ita enim senectūs honesta est, sī sē ipsa dēfendit, sī iūs suum retinet, sī nēminī ēmancipāta est, sī usque ad ultimum spīritum dominātur in suōs. Ut enim adulēscentem in quō est senīle aliquid, sīc senem in quō est aliquid adulēscentis probō; quod quī sequitur, corpore senex esse poterit, animō numquam erit. According to the passage, what two types of people does Cato approve? You have 30 seconds.

THE {ADOLESCENT // YOUTH // YOUNG MAN} IN WHOM THERE IS {SOMETHING SENILE // SOMETHING OLD // SOMETHING OF OLD AGE // SOMETHING OF THE OLD MAN} and THE OLD MAN IN WHOM THERE IS {SOMETHING OF YOUTH // SOMETHING OF THE YOUNG MAN}
[ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

5. What man, whose headless body is buried by a supporter named Cordus, is defeated in the “bella per Ēmathiōs plūs quam cīvīlia campōs” of Lucan’s epic poem Pharsālia by his great enemy, Julius Caesar?

POMPEY (THE GREAT) // (GNAEUS) POMPEIUS (MAGNUS)

B1: In the middle of the Pharsālia, Sextus Pompey goes to Thessaly to consult Erictho, who is what sort of person, like Horace’s Canidia?

SORCERESS / WITCH / NECROMANCER / SEER / PROPHET [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B2: Give the three-word phrase that Quintilian used to describe Lucan’s breathless pace in the hexameters of his Pharsālia.

ĀRDĒNS ET CONCITĀTUS

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6. What skill, in which Heracles proved superior to Telegonus and Polygonus, allowed Heracles to defeat a Libyan giant with a skull-decorated temple named Antaeüs and rescue Alcestis from the clutches of Thanatos?

WRESTLING

B1: What deity was the mother of the giant Antaeüs?

GAIA / GE

B2: Which king of Arcadia won the wrestling match at the Olympic Games that Heracles hosted and defeated Hyllus in a duel that stopped the Heraclids from invading the Peloponnesus?

ECHEMUS

7. What is the meaning of the hypothesized adjective *ōcis — which would be the positive of ōcior — as well as adjective citus and the adjectives alacer and celer?

SWIFT / FAST / QUICK [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B1: Give the Italian word for the musical tempo whose name derives from alacer and refers to a brisk pace, or roughly between 120 and 156 beats per minute.

ALLEGRO

B2: What five-word Latin phrase, quoted in Don Quixote, means “he gives twice who quickly gives”?

BIS DAT QUĪ CITO DAT

8. What name is shared between the re-founder of Mastia, a man who fathered Sophonisba, and a general whose defeat to Gaius Claudius Nero and Livius Salinator caused his decapitated head to be thrown into the tent of his brother Hannibal?

HASDRUBAL

B1: Give the name of the Carthaginian whose son Hasdrubal was the father of Sophonisba and lost at Campī Magnī.

GISGO / GISCO / GESKON / GERSAKKUN

B2: Mastia was renamed as Carthāgō Nova, which Scipio Africanus captured in 209 B.C. What extraordinary tactic allowed Scipio’s soldiers to take the city’s northern walls, which were poorly defended, as natural geography typically rendered them nearly unassailable? A description is fine.

AMPHIBIOUS ASSAULT // SOLDIERS WADED THROUGH THE {LAGOON / LAKE / WATER} (WHICH WAS DRAINED BY A LOW TIDE AND A PARTICULARLY STRONG NORTH WIND) [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

9. What work, which perhaps had Phasma by the poet Philemon as its original, involves the returning businessman Theopropides getting duped by an enslaved man, Tranio, who pretends that Theopropides’ house is haunted?

(PLAUTUS’) MOSTELLĀRIA

B1: Mercury impersonates the enslaved woman Sosia in which Plautine play, the only to address a mythological subject?

(PLAUTUS’) AMPHITRUŌ / AMPHITRYON

B2: In Plautus’ Mīles Glōriōsus, what enslaved man tries to rescue his former master’s lover from Pyrgopolynices?

PALAESTRIO

10. What Latin noun, with what meaning, lies at the root of the second half of the noun “filigree,” the noun “gravy,” and the nouns “grenadier” and “granite”?

GRĀNUM = GRAIN / SEED

B1: “Gravy” is a linguistic “ghost word,” or a word that exists only because of the error of a printer or scribe. What common English word is also a ghost word, emerging after an early manuscript of Cicero’s letters completely misprinted the Greek sittybas, the accusative plural of a word meaning “parchment label, table of contents”?¹

SYLLABUS

B2: Latin had its own ghost words. Manuscripts of the Vulgate may have incorrectly printed certē as celte, which was taken to be from the non-existent word celtis, meaning “chisel.” Translate into English this adapted quotation from the Book of Job(“"JOBE"”), the origin of celte: “quis mihi donet ut scrībantur sermōnēs … vel celte sculpantur in silice?”

WHO {WILL / SHOULD} {GIVE / GRANT / BESTOW} (TO) ME THAT MY {CONVERSATIONS / WORDS / SERMONS} {MAY / WILL} BE WRITTEN (DOWN) OR SCULPTED WITH A CHISEL ON {FLINT / ROCK / STONE}? [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

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11. After giving parts of his eponymous kingdom to Apheidas and Azan, what man became a constellation called Arctophylax in order to defend the stars of Ursa Maior, which represented his transformed mother, Callisto?

ARCAS

B1: What nymph raised Arcas after Callisto was transformed into a bear?

MAIA

B2: When he became king of Arcadia, Arcas replaced what man, the youngest of the fifty sons of Lycaon and a youth saved by Gaia when Zeus brought his wrath upon Lycaon?

NYCTIMUS

12. Note to players: A description is acceptable. What process, informal methods of which were regulated by the Lēx Iunia Norbāna, could be initiated when a sufficiently sizeable pecūlium was accumulated, leading to a ceremony where a pilleus was placed on the head of a newly minted lībertus?

MANUMISSION (OF AN ENSLAVED PERSON) // {FREEING / EMANCIPATING} AN ENSLAVED PERSON [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B1: What two-word Latin phrase refers to the power of a Roman master over an enslaved person?

DOMINICA POTESTĀS

B2: What Latin word refers to an enslaved person who was forced to punish another enslaved person?

LŌRĀRIUS / CARNIFEX

13. Which letter of the alphabet is described in the following clues: in imitation of Greek, it is used as the nominative plural marker of Latin’s word for “sea monster,” cētus; it marks the vocative of third-declension names such as Periclēs; it marks the fifth-declension ablative singular?

(LONG) E // E (MACRON) // Ē

B1: What neuter Latin word for “sea” can also form a nominative plural in -ē, in imitation of Greek?

PELAGUS

B2: Now translate these pertinent lines from Catullus 64, knowing that Pēnēos is the god “Peneus” and Tempē is the name of a valley called “Tempe”: Pēnēos adest, viridantia Tempē, / Tempē, quae silvae cingunt super impendentēs, / linquēns.

(THE GOD) PENEUS IS PRESENT, {LEAVING BEHIND // ABANDONING // RELINQUISHING}} (THE) FLOURISHING (VALLEY OF) TEMPE — TEMPE, WHICH HANGING WOODS {GIRD / RING} (ALL OVER) [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

14. What genre, known for works that began with a promȳthion or ended with an epimȳthion, was renewed by a Thracian freedman of Augustus who was named Phaedrus and worked in imitation of Aesop?

FABLE(S)

B1: In his fables, Phaedrus imitated Plautus by using lines of sēnāriī — that is, lines that used what type of metrical feet?

IAMB(IC FEET) / IAMBUS / IAMBĪ

B2: What other freedman of Augustus was chosen as the director of the emperor’s public library on the Palatine Hill?

(GAIUS IULIUS) HYGINUS

15. The defeat of what tribe at the Campī Raudīī put a final end to an extended conflict that began with Rome’s defeat at Noreia and included a Roman disaster at modern-day Orange,(“"oh-RAHNGE"”) where the tribe fought alongside the Teutones?

CIMBRI

B1: What co-consul of Marius in 101 B.C. helped him defeat the Cimbri at Vercellae?

(QUINTUS) LUTATIUS CATULUS

B2: What general led Rome’s forces at the Battle of Noreia?

(GNAEUS PAPIRIUS) CARBO

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16. Translate into English the following sentence, supposedly spoken to Pyrrhus by an oracle, in two contradictory ways: dīcō tē, Pyrrhe, Rōmānōs vincere posse.

MEANING 1: PYRRHUS, I {SAY / DECLARE / AFFIRM} THAT YOU {CAN // ARE ABLE TO} {DEFEAT / CONQUER} THE ROMANS [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]
MEANING 2: PYRRHUS, I {SAY / DECLARE / AFFIRM} THAT THE ROMANS {CAN // ARE ABLE TO} {DEFEAT / CONQUER} YOU [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B1: Now translate into English this sentence, supposedly spoken by another oracle, in two contradictory ways: ībis redībis numquam per bella perībis.

MEANING 1: YOU WILL GO, YOU WILL RETURN, YOU WILL NEVER {PERISH / DIE} {THROUGH WAR(S) // IN WAR(S) // IN BATTLE} [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]
MEANING 2: YOU WILL GO, YOU WILL NEVER RETURN, YOU WILL {PERISH / DIE} DIE} {THROUGH WAR(S) // IN WAR(S) // IN BATTLE} [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B2: Now, carefully examine this sentence, which was supposedly written by John, Archbishop of Esztergom(“"ESS-tair-goam"”) to either seem to approve or deny a plot to kill Queen Gertrude of Hungary, depending on the plot’s success. It will be pasted it into the chat, after which you will have 60 seconds to translate it into English in two contradictory ways: Rēgīnam occīdere nōlīte timēre bonum est sī omnēs cōnsentiunt ego nōn contrādīcō.

MEANING 1: DO NOT FEAR TO KILL THE QUEEN; IT IS {GOOD // A GOOD THING}; IF ALL {CONSENT / AGREE}, I DO NOT {CONTRADICT / OPPOSE} [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]
MEANING 2: DO NOT KILL THE QUEEN; IT IS {GOOD // A GOOD THING} TO FEAR; IF ALL {CONSENT / AGREE}, I DO NOT (CONSENT / AGREE); (INSTEAD) I {CONTRADICT / OPPOSE}
[ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

17. At what city do “nine companies of five hundred men” each sacrifice “nine [black] bulls” to “the earth-shaker Poseidon” as a traveler sails to “Neleus’ well-built citadel,” where he meets Peisistratus and hears of Nestor’s return from Troy?

PYLOS

B1: Telemachus asks whether Nestor has heard anything about Odysseus, but Nestor can only tell him that Idomeneus’ Cretans, the Myrmidons, and what “shining son of Poeas” returned unharmed?

PHILOCTETES

B2: What is the meaning of the name of Pylos — or πύλος(“"POO-loss"”) — in Greek, leading to a textual controversy in Book 5 of the Iliad where it is unclear if Heracles shot Hades at Pylos or in the Underworld?

GATE / DOOR(WAY)

18. While he was at Sabrata in the vicinity of Oea, what author was accused by his in-laws of both murdering his stepson Pontianus and beguiling his wife, Pudentilla, prompting him to deliver the Apologia?

(LUCIUS) APULEIUS (MADAURENSIS)

B1: Surviving details of Apuleius’ life are mostly owed to the Apologia and what other work of his, a collection of 23 of his most brilliant oratorical passages?

FLŌRIDA / ANTHERA

B2: What minor work of Apuleius is a declamation on the role of daimones, who act as intermediaries between gods and men?

DĒ DEŌ SŌCRATIS // DĒ DEŌ SŌCRATICŌ

19. Of the words aula, pābulum, vēlum, and iecur, give the one that is most closely defined in the following Latin sentence: aut glandēs aut fār adhibētur quandōcumque armentīs et gregibus pecuāriīs agricola cibum dat.

PĀBULUM

B1: Please define the other three words — aula, vēlum, and iecur.

AULA = PALACE / CASTLE //(ROYAL) COURT; VĒLUM = CLOTH / SAIL / COVERING / CURTAIN / VEIL; IECUR = LIVER [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B2: Define either the noun mucrō or the noun harundō.

MUCRŌ = {(SHARP) POINT / EDGE // POINT (OF A SWORD) // SWORD // SHARPNESS} and HARUNDŌ = {REED(-PIPE) / CANE / FISHING-ROD} [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

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20. Who am I? I was the patron of the Greek biographer Philostratus. On coins, I was given the title māter senātūs and depicted as the goddess Cybele. My elder sister restored our Syrian dynasty at Rome through her grandsons, though it was founded by my husband from Leptis Magna — Septimius Severus. Who am I?

JULIA DOMNA [PROMPT ON “JULIA”]

B1: Julia Domna’s family was known in Syria as priests of what Arab sun deity, worshipped in the form of a black stone?

ELAGABALUS / HELIOGABALUS / AELAGABALUS / ELAGABAL
[PROMPT ON “SŌL (INVICTUS)” BY ASKING “WHAT WAS HE CALLED BY THE LOCALS?”]

B2: Julia Domna co-ruled as empress from 202 A.D. to 205 A.D. with what woman, the first wife of Caracalla?

(FULVIA) PLAUTILLA

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¹ “Gravy” was originally the French word grané, meaning “sauce,” which was misread by a scribe as graué and became gravé due to the sharing of “u” and “v” in Latin.