Keartamen 4 (K4) - Semifinals

Moderator says: “I will read one test question for no points. This question is not reflective of the content of the round or tournament.

0. What man — who loses a duel atop the “Cliffs of Insanity” to a masked man in black — seeks revenge against a six-fingered man with the line “you killed my father — prepare to die!” in The Princess Bride?

(INIGO) MONTOYA

B1: What is the name of the true love of the masked man, Westley, who is trying to rescue her from being forcibly betrothed to Prince Humperdinck?

(PRINCESS) BUTTERCUP

B2: The grandfather speaks what three-word line as the final words in The Princess Bride, repeating a line that Westley shouted after Buttercup pushed him down a huge hill in the middle of the movie?¹

“AS YOU WISH”

Moderator says: “Subsequent questions will count for points. Good luck and have fun!”

1. Translate into English: Utinam nē hōc certāmine lūderem diē amōris.

{IF ONLY // WOULD THAT} I WERE NOT PLAYING (IN) THIS {COMPETITION / CERTAMEN} ON {THE DAY OF LOVE // VALENTINE’S DAY} [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B1: Now say in Latin: “He is the sort of guy who doesn’t know when the holidays are.”

(IS) EST QUĪ NESCIAT {QUANDŌ / UBI} {FĒRIAE // DIĒS FĒSTĪ} SINT [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B2: Now say in Latin using a tantum abest construction: He was so far from yielding to love that he said that love does not conquer all things.

TANTUM {ABERAT / ĀFUIT} UT AMŌRĪ CĒDERET UT DĪCERET AMŌREM NŌN OMNIA VINCERE [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

2. What sort of event, in which “parvīs mōmentīs magnī cāsūs intercēdunt,” is “dulce inexpertīs” but “dētestāta mātribus” and should be “praeparet,” even for those “quī dēsīderant pācem”?

WAR / BELLUM / BELLA // (IN) BELLŌ

B1: All’s fair in love and war. Fill in this quote from Vergil with the proper Latin adjective: “bella, [blank] bella.”

HORRIDA

B2: What four-word Latin phrase featuring the word bellum did Thomas Hobbes use to describe the “nasty, brutish, and short” state of nature described in his book Leviathan?

BELLUM OMNIUM {CONTRĀ / IN} OMNĒS

3. Because he did not believe Catullus’ poetry to be “trifles” — or “nugae” — what author from Pavia or Ostiglia was the dedicatee of Catullus 1, which describes his three-book history, Chronica, but not his biographies?

(CORNELIUS) NEPOS

B1: Nepos’ Dē Vīrīs Illūstribus includes a book on “excellent” examples of what sort of men “of foreign peoples”?

GENERALS / (MILITARY) LEADERS / DUCĒS

B2: The author “Dares Phrygius” wrote a strange, late work in which he claims to be Nepos and describes what city’s excidium?

TROY / TROIA / ILIUM

4. What system — which was expanded to include portoria, a subset of the vectīgālia — was used by emperors to fill the fiscus through the work of pūblicānī, who had formerly contributed to the aerārium Sāturnī?

TAX(ATION) // TAX(-FARMING) // TAX(-COLLECTION) // TAX (SYSTEM) [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B1: In Republican Rome, the scrīptūra was the revenue that was collected from the iugera owned by the state. Please give the two-word Latin term for this state-owned iugera.

AGER PŪBLICUS

B2: In 92 B.C., what man was unjustly convicted of extortion during his legateship in Asia because he had tried to protect its inhabitants from the excesses of the pūblicānī, upsetting the establishment?

(PUBLIUS) RUTILIUS RUFUS

5. What process supposedly occurred through the mouth in weasels, inspiring the story that Galanthis became one after using her “lying mouth” to help Alcmene with it, since Alcmene was being stopped by Eileithyia?

(CHILD)BIRTH // BIRTH(ING)

B1: Among the Romans, what Latin title was given as an epithet to Juno and Diana as goddesses of childbirth?

(JUNO / IŪNŌ / DIANA) LŪCĪNA // LŪCĪNAE

B2: What is unique about Homer’s description of Eileithyia when he describes how Hera held back Alcmene’s labor in Book 19 of the Iliad? A description is fine.

THEY’RE ACTUALLY EILEITHYIAE // THERE’S MORE THAN ONE (OF HER) //
THERE’S (AT LEAST) TWO OF HER [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

————————————————— [SCORE CHECK] —————————————————

6. What man stages a dress rehearsal of his own funeral and excuses himself while his friends gossip in slang-filled Latin during an episode that parodies the nouveau riche’s appetite for opulence and gluttony in Petronius’ day?

(GAIUS POMPEIUS) TRIMALCHIO (MAECENATIANUS)

B1: Immediately after the cēna Trimalchiōnis, what traveling companion of Encolpius seduces Giton?

ASCYLTUS / ASCYLTOS

B2: In the middle of the cēna Trimalchiōnis, Niceros describes how he encountered what sort of creature in a graveyard?

(WERE)WOLF [PROMPT ON “MAN” OR “HUMAN”]

7. What is the meaning of the Latin verb at the roots of “challenge” and “calumny,” as well as the Latin verb at the roots of “default” and “fallible”?

(TO / I) {DECEIVE // LIE // TRICK // DEVISE TRICKS // INTRIGUE AGAINST // USE ARTIFICE}
[ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B1: What English adjective meaning “deceitful, untrustworthy” may derive from a Latin phrase meaning “to deceive through faith”?

PERFIDIOUS

B2: What Latin verb meaning “entice” or “deceive,” not directly attested but reconstructed by Festus to explain its derivatives, lies at the ultimate root of “delicious”?

LACIŌ / LACERE

8. What emperor — who executed a rival’s son, Candidianus, and beheaded a prior emperor’s wife and daughter, Prisca and Valeria — was beaten by a rival emperor at Adrianople and Chrysopolis in 324 A.D., giving Constantine full rule?

(VALERIUS) LICINIUS (LICINIANUS)

B1: After the death of his father, Galerius, Candidianus, fled to the court of what emperor, whom Licinius defeated in battle at Tzirallum?

MAXIMINUS {DAZA / DAIA}

B2: After Tzirallum, Licinius chased Daza until he committed suicide at what city, where Florianus was killed in a mutiny several decades earlier?

TARSUS

9. An assembly analogized what mythological man to a wolf attacking a herd’s lead bull as they replaced Gelanor with him as king of Argos, which he had reached while fleeing the fifty sons of his twin-brother, Aegyptus?

DANAÜS

B1: After arriving to Argos, Danaüs pursued his claim to the throne by citing his descent from what woman, the daughter of an Argive river-god?

IO

B2: In thanks for the omen of the wolf descending upon Argos’ herds, Danaüs appropriately founded a sanctuary of what god?

APOLLO LYCEUS [PROMPT ON “APOLLO”]

10: Featuring a single ictus and divided by exactly one instance of a juncture dubbed “masculine” or “feminine” — the caesura — what type of rhythmic unit might be called “trochee,” “spondee,” or “dactyl” based on its composition?

(POETIC / METRICAL) FOOT [PROMPT ON ANSWERS LIKE “TROCHEE,” “SPONDEE,” OR “DACTYL” BY ASKING “WHAT IS THE GENERAL TERM FOR A UNIT LIKE A [INSERT WORD]”?]

B1: What type of poetic foot comprised a short syllable followed by a long syllable, as in the word ducēs?

IAMB(IC)

B2: What type of poetic foot comprised two short syllables followed by a long syllable, or essentially a reversed dactyl?

ANAP(A)EST [PROMPT ON “ANTIDACTYL(US)”]

————————————————— [SCORE CHECK] —————————————————

11. What man rededicated the Maison-Carrée to his grandsons, built a monument with a panel showing the earth-deity Tellus, was depicted in a statue at Prima Porta, and ordered a carving of his rēs gestae in front of his mausoleum?

(CAESAR) AUGUSTUS // (GAIUS) OCTAVIUS // OCTAVIAN

B1: What building constructed during Augustus’ reign on the Campus Martius probably acted as a sundial?

{SŌLĀRIUM / HŌROLOGIUM} (AUGUSTĪ)

B2: A bronze head of Augustus, almost black in appearance, was found buried in sand at what city in 1910?

MEROË

12. A ruler of what kingdom — whose history was the focus of a moralizing epitome by Justin that condensed a 44-book work by Pompeius Trogus — was likened to Mark Antony in a set of 14 polemical speeches by Cicero?

MACEDON(IA)

B1: What early imperial author, a freedman probably born in Pydna in Macedonia, wrote a five-book work containing promȳthia and epimȳthia?

PHAEDRUS

B2: What early imperial author, like Curtius Rufus, repeatedly cited Alexander the Great as an exemplum of qualities like amīcitia, clēmentia, superbia, and cupiditās glōriae?

VALERIUS MAXIMUS

13. What decade B.C., in whose early years Quintus Pompeius Rufus was murdered and Publius Sulpicius Rufus passed laws via mob violence, saw Carbo and Cinna appoint themselves consuls, causing Sulla’s dictatorship?

80s (B.C.)

B1: What man served as suffect consul in 86 B.C., replacing Marius, before he was killed in a mutiny in Asia led by one of his subordinates, Gaius Flavius Fimbria?

(LUCIUS) VALERIUS FLACCUS

B2: When Cinna refused to recognize him in 84 B.C., Pompey declared for Sulla, raising three legions of his father’s veterans and clients from the countryside of what region?

PICENUM

14. What sort of event, sometimes called a procella, is compared to a “riot in a great nation” in an epic simile in the Aeneid, when one “flūctūs ad sīdera tollit” and causes “disiectam Aenēae tōtō … aequore classem.”

STORM

B1: What third-declension Latin noun means “storm” as a development of its meanings of “whirlwind,” “hurricane,” or “tornado”?

TURBŌ

B2: What can turbō also mean, as in an epic simile in Book 7 of the Aeneid that compares Amata to one as she whirls through Latium after being maddened by Allecto?

(SPINNING-)TOP

15. What goddess was said by the Phigalians to have birthed their chief-goddess — the so-called “Mistress” — after trying to hide among Oncius’ horses and being raped by horse-Poseidon, with whom she had Arion?

DEMETER

B1: At some point, “Despoina,” which meant “Mistress,” was conflated with Persephone, who was worshipped under what title in the Eleusinian mysteries?

KORE [PROMPT ON “MAID(EN)”]

B2: What other obscure god was the patron of initiates in their procession to Eleusis during the Mysteries?

IACCHUS

————————————————— [SCORE CHECK] —————————————————

16. What type of animal — which landed on a Roman’s helmet atop Mount Gaurus and attacked a gigantic Gaul — names a device lowered onto an enemy’s hull as a boarding bridge during the First Punic War?

CORVUS / RAVEN / CROW

B1: At what battle did the Romans under Marcus Atilius Regulus use the corvus to defeat a Carthaginian fleet, allowing Regulus to have an unopposed landing in Africa?

(BATTLE OF CAPE) ECNOMUS

B2: In a similar story to that of Marcus Valerius Corvus, what Roman defeated a gigantic Gaul in single combat in 361 B.C., allowing him to seize the Gaul’s neck ring that would give him his cognōmen?

(TITUS MANLIUS IMPERIOSUS) TORQUATUS

17. What sort of clause, which may carry the sentence’s main idea in an inversum type, was mostly replaced by clauses that use the same conjunction but take the subjunctive, such as those expressing cause, circumstance, or concession?

CUM TEMPORAL (CLAUSE) [PROMPT ON “CUM (CLAUSE)” or “TEMPORAL (CLAUSE)”]

B1: What is the primary archaic spelling of cum?

QUOM

B2: What term refers to the dependent clause in this sentence from Cicero: “quaecumque causa vōs hūc attulisset, laetārer”?

{CONDITIONAL / INDEFINITE} RELATIVE (CLAUSE)

18. What author’s compositions Venī redēmptor gentium and Aeterne rērum conditor earned him the title “Father of Church Song,” though he also wrote Dē Officiīs Ministrōrum, which gave advice to the priests of Milan?

(SAINT) AMBROSE (OF MILAN) // (AURELIUS) AMBROSIUS

B1: How many books was Ambrose’s collection of sermons commenting on the days of the Creation?

SIX

B2: What name is shared between the following men: the Arian theologian who was Ambrose’s predecessor as bishop of Milan; the Arian theologian against whom Ambrose delivered a speech about Milan’s basilicas; the Christian hermit who, like Saint Valentine, died on February 14?

AUXENTIUS

19. What meaning is shared by the adjectival phrase “aquā et ignī interdictus,” the neutral passive participle “exsulāns,” the adjectival phrase “ē cīvitāte ēiectus,” and the participle “dēportātus”?

BANISHED / EXILED / DEPORTED // KICKED OUT OF THE COUNTRY [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B1: What English participle derives from a Latin participle meaning “driven outside of the boundary” or “exiled”?

EXTERMINATED

B2: Translate this sentence, adapted from Florus, into English. Know that the idiom rogāre lēgem means “to propose a law”: Sāturnīnus senātum coēgit iūrāre ut rogāret Gracchōrum lēgēs cum abnuentibus aquā et ignī interdictūrum minārētur.

SATURNINUS COMPELLED THE SENATE TO SWEAR {TO PROPOSE // THAT IT WOULD PROPOSE} THE LAWS OF THE GRACCHI {WHEN / SINCE} {HE / SATURNINUS} WAS THREATENING THAT HE WOULD {BANISH THOSE WHO WERE REFUSING / DECLINING (TO DO SO) // FORBID WATER AND FIRE TO THOSE WHO WERE REFUSING / DECLINING (TO DO SO)} [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

————————————————— [SCORE CHECK] —————————————————

20. What married man, after he is compared to the wine-mad centaur Eurytion, honors his dead friend Iphitus and proves Theoclymenus’ bloody prophecy by shooting Eurymachus and Antinoüs with his reclaimed bow?

ODYSSEUS

B1: After Odysseus shoots Eurymachus and Antinoüs, Telemachus spears what Dulichian man, the best-behaved of all the suitors?

AMPHINOMUS

B2: The last suitor that Odysseus killed was what man, the first to attempt to string Odysseus’ bow, as he begged for mercy?

LEODES

———————————————— [FINAL SCORE CHECK] ————————————————

¹ This question was written by Vicki Li.