Keartamen 5 (K5) - Finals

1. Which two of the rhyming words “blizzard,” “lizard,” “wizard,” and “gizzard” derive from Latin, with their roots meaning “entrails” and “upper arm,” and both words referring in some way to animals?

LIZARD and GIZZARD

B1: What Latin noun is the root of the noun “coward”?

CAUDA

B2: What Latin noun is the root of the word “buzzard,” which refers to a type of hawk?

BŪTEŌ

2. Description acceptable. What regions — like the area around the fossātum Āfricae and the city of Nisibis — were inhabited by so-called līmitāneī, soldiers who guarded the līmes Arabicus, the Danube and Rhine, and Hadrian’s Wall?

(IMPERIAL) FRONTIERS / BORDERLANDS / BORDERS / BARRIERS / MARCHES

B1: A līmes along the Danube protected what region, divided into two provincial halves and containing the cities of Carnuntum, Sirmium, and Aquincum?

PANNONIA

B2: A crucial part of the līmes Germānicus was the triangle-shaped area between the Danube and Rhine rivers. This area was known by the phrase Agrī [blank]. Please fill in the blank with the appropriate Latin word.

DECUMĀTĒS

3. What god fathered twins hidden in a cow-shed and suckled by a cow — Aeolus and Boeotus — and twins with a woman who continually filled her lap until she gave birth to the giants Otus and Ephialtes?

POSEIDON

B1: Poseidon also fathered what set of twins, perhaps conjoined and often called the Moliones?

CTEATUS and EURYTUS

B2: What twin sons of Poseidon fought over a throne before one received a grant of coastal land from his cousin Aphareüs?

PELIAS and NELEUS

4. Where could one see objects that “crīnem dūcunt” — which Seneca says “ignem vagum in modum comae porrigunt” — or a group called the septentriōnēs, seven northerly sīdera?

(IN) THE SKY // (IN) SPACE [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B1: What word, synonymous with the taeda that Romans used at a wedding, could mean “meteor” or “comet”?

FAX

B2: In Dē Nātūra Deōrum, Cicero says that the Romans call comets cincinnātae. What is this adjective’s literal meaning, drawing on the same sense as crīnis and coma?

CURLY-HAIRED

5. What city was home to a literary girl who “tenet … amat … adnīctat … adnūtat” various fawning men in a Naevian comedy and the author who composed Ajax Mastigophorus and the Saturnian-verse translation Odūsia?

TARENTUM / TARANTO

B1: What author died at Tarentum in 130 B.C., ninety years after his birth in a nearby Apulian town?

(MARCUS) PACUVIUS

B2: Some early Latin literature evolved from what possibly-Apulian verse-form, a version of the trochaic septenarius that was used for children’s songs and soldiers’ banter?

(VERSUS) QUADRĀTUS // QUADRATIC (VERSE)

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6. Translate the following sentence from Latin to English: “minantur cōnsulēs sē arcem obsessūrōs esse nisi cīvēs tribūta cōnferant.”

THE CONSULS THREATEN {TO BESIEGE THE CITADEL // THAT THEY WILL BESIEGE THE CITADEL} {UNLESS THE ENEMIES PAY / GIVE TRIBUTE // IF THE ENEMIES DO NOT GIVE / PAY TRIBUTE} [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B1: Translate this sentence from Nepos from Latin to English: “Erat scrīptum nisi domum reverterētur sē capitis eum damnātūrōs.”

IT {WAS WRITTEN // HAD BEEN WRITTEN} THAT {UNLESS HE RETURNED // UNLESS HE SHOULD RETURN // IF HE DID NOT RETURN // IF HE SHOULD NOT HAVE RETURNED}, THEY WOULD CONDEMN HIM TO DEATH [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B2: What Latin term refers to a technique in ōrātiō oblīqua where a verb retains its tense from ōrātiō rēcta when it should change to the imperfect or pluperfect, giving greater liveliness to reported speech? An example is Caesar’s “dīcēbant ... pollicērī ... totidem Nerviōs quī longissimē absint.”

REPRAESENTĀTIŌ (TEMPORUM)

7. What mythological name is shared between the Iapygian king whose daughter married Diomedes and the king of Ardea who married the nymph Venilia and became father to Juturna and Turnus?

DAUNUS

B1: One bonus on each, then. After marrying Daunus’ daughter, Diomedes founded what city, where he met Turnus’ herald Venulus but refused to commit his father-in-law’s forces to the war?

ARGYRIPA / ARPI

B2: In Aeneid 10, Juno takes pity on Turnus’ aged father, Daunus, and tricks Turnus into leaving battle by pretending to be Aeneas. Embarrassed, Turnus tries three times to do what action to return to the fight, but is prevented by Juno?

SWIM (BACK TO SHORE FROM THE BOAT) [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

8. What ablative form often appears in an exclamation meaning “well done” alongside the fossilized vocative form macte, with a more literal translation being “be blessed for your valor”?

VIRTŪTE

B1: In the Aeneid, Apollo looks down at a triumphant Ascanius and declares “macte novā uirtūte, puer, [blank].” Fill in the line with the four-word quote, which means “thus one goes to the stars.”

SĪC ĪTUR AD ASTRA

B2: A few lines before, Ascanius begs to Jupiter “Iuppiter omnipotēns, audācibus [blank]” before shooting an arrow. Fill in the line with the two-word quote, which was adapted to replace “deō favente” in a later motto.

{ADNUE / ANNUE} COEPTĪS

9. In a strange combination, an epitome on what topic and a digest of veterinary medicine were the only works by Vegetius, who drew on Frontinus’ Stratēgēmata and cited the actions of men like Xanthippus?

MILITARY {MATTERS / STRATEGY / TACTICS / GENERALSHIP / ART} // WARFARE

B1: Among the main sources for Vegetius was what early imperial author, whose work covered six artēs, including military strategy and jurisprudence?

(AULUS CORNELIUS) CELSUS

B2: For veterinary medicine, Vegetius perhaps drew on what third-century Mauretanian author, who wrote the handbook Cūrae Boum, as well as Dē Hortīs and a biography of Severus Alexander?

(QUINTUS) GARGILIUS MARTIAL(IS)

10. What substance, collected in foricae, produced pecūnia that “nōn olet” when it was sold to tanners and launderers with an unpopular tax enforced by the emperor Vespasian on public lātrīnae?

URINE

B1: What Roman enlarged and cleaned the Cloāca Maxima, then sailed a boat through it, as part of a public works program that saw him repair the Aqua Marcia and build the Aqua Virgō?

(MARCUS VIPSANIUS) AGRIPPA

B2: What Latin word refers to the piece of money to be paid as an entrance fee to a bath-house?

BALNEĀTICUM

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11. What non-scientific field uses the Latin terms “perpetuum mōbile” and “tacet,” includes a style known by the Latin word “tintinnābulī,” and has terms derived from the Latin participles cadēns, dīminuēns, and crēscēns?

MUSIC [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B1: For almost a century, the Boston Musical Instrument Company proudly engraved its instruments with what three-word Latin phrase, which was also supposedly inscribed on the Pillars of Hercules?

NĒ PLŪS ULTRĀ

B2: In the early modern period, important textbooks on music theory and collections of instructional pieces were known by what three-word Latin title, referring to a Greek mountain?

GRADŪS AD PARNASSUM

12. What skill was possessed by Gorgasus and Nicomachus, heirs to a man buried by Nestor at Gerenia, where a sanctuary rivaling that of Epidaurus was built to aid those seeking help from Machaon?

HEALING / MEDICINE [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B1: What god, whose name came to refer to a hymn to Apollo, was the physician of the gods, healing Ares when Diomedes wounds him and Hades when Heracles shoots him?

PAEAN / PAE(E)ON

B2: The Odyssey declares that when Helen was among the Egyptians, “born of the race of Paean,” she received healing drugs like nepenthe from what woman?

POLYDAMNA

13. Only limited numbers of what ruler’s forces could together pass Lissus per a treaty agreed after Gnaeus Fulvius Centumalus took the city of Corcyra, which was governed by Demetrius of Pharos until he betrayed her and Illyria?

TEUTA

B1: What king, the last attested Illyrian ruler, aided Perseus against the Romans but was quickly defeated, with his kingdom being split into three administrative regions?

GENT(H)IUS

B2: Much later, what ruler established an empire to the east of the Danube, raiding into Illyria and so concerning the Romans that Caesar planned an expedition against him, only for Caesar and him to be assassinated at roughly the same time in 44 B.C.?

BUREBISTA(S)

14. What impersonal verb’s contraction with īre to form an adverb meaning “immediately” mirrors its contractions to form words meaning “of course” and “namely” with scīre and vidēre?

LICET

B1: The phenomenon that forms īlicet, scīlicet, and vidēlicet, where a phrase or sentence grow together into an adverb, was fairly common. Name a Latin adverb that emerged from a phrase meaning “there’s a chance whether.”

FORSAN / FORSITAN

B2: What other Latin adverb, meaning “immediately” like īlicet, perhaps comes from a phrase meaning “with it then done”?

ĀCTŪTUM

15. What author’s main work is dated to 283 or 284 A.D. since it invokes Carinus and Numerian in its dedication, which starts “I sing the thousand modes of hunting” in reference to its topic of Cynēgetica?

(MARCUS AURELIUS) NEMESIANUS

B1: Nemesianus also wrote four poems in what genre that were strongly indebted to poems by Calpurnius Siculus?

ECLOGUE(S) / BUCOLIC(S) / PASTORAL(S)

B2: Drawing on the work of Theocritus and Vergil, two of Nemesianus’ eclogues employ what poetic form in which characters alternate remarks, sort of like stichomȳthia?

AMOEBEAN (FORM)

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16. What province, served primarily by the via Domitia, included the towns of Arelātē and Forum Iūliī, the terminus of the Rhodanus river, and two montēs, the Pȳrēnaeī and Alpēs?

GALLIA NARBONENSIS // GALLIA TRANSALPINA // TRANSALPINE GAUL

B1: The Romans originally simply called the area provincia, giving what region of southeastern France its modern name?

PROVENCE

B2: A major branch of what river flowed from Gallia Narbonensis through Tolosa to Burdigala?

GARUMNA / GARONNE

17. What Latin adjective is the root of the Latin word for “winter solstice” — brūma — via its contracted superlative, since it implies how little daylight is available in the year’s shortest day?

BREVIS

B1: Brevissima became brevima, which in turn became brūma. What was the meaning of the similar superlative īmus?

LOWEST / LOWWERMOST / BOTTOMMOST / DEEPEST [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B2: What similar superlative adjective came to mean “last-born,” as in its ancient use as a praenōmen?

POSTUMUS

18. Discussion turns to what topic as Gaius Fannius and Quintus Mucius Scaevola contemplate Scipio Aemilianus’ suspicious death in a Ciceronian dialogue that forms a companion piece to Dē Senectūte under the name Laelius?

FRIENDSHIP / AMĪCITIA

B1: Laelius Dē Amīcitiā is appropriately addressed to what contemporary of Cicero?

(TITUS POMPONIUS) ATTICUS

B2: Among Cicero’s friends was what author, who wrote Dē Sphaerā Graecānicā and Dē Sphaerā Barbaricā before dying in exile in 45 B.C. when Caesar punished him for his sustained opposition?

(PUBLIUS) NIGIDIUS FIGULUS

19. Who claims to be sailing to trade iron for copper at the city of Temesa, saying “I am the son of wise Anchialus, ruler of the sea-loving Taphians,” but is actually a disguised goddess encouraging Telemachus to take action?

MENTES / ATHENA

B1: At Mentes’ encouragement, Telemachus calls an assembly. Among the speakers is what forceful man, who Homer says “surpassed all contemporaries in knowledge of birds”?

HALITHERSES

B2: Athena then takes Telemachus’ own form to rouse a crew to journey to Pylos and Sparta. In that form, she convinces what son of Phronius to lend Telemachus a ship for the journey?

NOEMON

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20. What city — a usurper’s base from 423 to 425 A.D. when Johannes controlled it — was valued for its defensibility because it was built on lagoons and marshes, meaning that in 402 A.D. Honorius moved the western capital there?

RAVENNA

B1: The city of Ravenna contains a mausoleum named after what woman, though she was actually buried in Rome after being married to Ataulf and to Constantius III?

(GALLA) PLACIDIA

B2: Ravenna became capital of the Ostrogothic Kingdom after Theodoric captured it. Name any of the Ostrogothic rulers who controlled the city after Theodoric before it fell in 540 A.D. to the Byzantines.

ATHALARIC / AMALASUNTHA / THEODAHAD / VITIGIS

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