Keartamen Open (KO), Round 1

1. Translate into English this thought that a player may have about the tournament: “τί ἄλλαι ἐρωτήσεις Ῥωμαϊστὶ καὶ ἄλλαι Ἑλληνιστί εἰσίν;”. That thought could itself be translated as “Cūr aliae quaestiōnēs Latīnē et aliae Graecē sunt?”

WHY ARE SOME QUESTIONS IN LATIN AND {OTHERS // OTHER QUESTIONS} IN GREEK?
[ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B1 or B2: For the bonus, you can choose to translate from English to Latin or to Greek. Correctly translating into Latin will earn you five points; correctly translating into Greek will earn you ten. You can only choose one: what’s your choice?

Latin, for 5 points: Now say in Latin: “I prefer to speak in Latin rather than in Greek.”

MĀLŌ LATĪNĒ {LOQUĪ / DĪCERE} (POTIUS / MAGIS) QUAM GRAECĒ (LOQUĪ / DĪCERE)
[ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

Greek, for 10 points: Using προαιρέω in the middle voice, say in Greek: “I prefer to speak in Greek rather than in Latin.”

προαιροῦμαι Ἑλληνιστί {λέγειν / εἰπεῖν} (μᾶλλον) ἢ {Ῥωμαϊστί / Λατινιστί} (λέγειν / εἰπεῖν)
[ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

2. What place was both mocked as the “bird-coop” and praised as the “cure of the soul” when it was founded as part of the Mouseion, with one of its affiliates compiling Pinakes to track holdings that Ptolemy II had built up in Egypt?

(GREAT) LIBRARY OF ALEXANDRIA

B1: The idea of the Library was apparently proposed by Demetrius of Phalerum after he was removed as what city’s tyrant?

ATHENS

B2: The Library of Alexandria’s biggest rival was established in the early 2nd century B.C. by what ruler, whose library was famed for its use of parchment rather than papyrus?

EUMENES II (SOTER OF PERGAMUM / PERGAMON)

3. In English, names of people associated with what city are now a byword for “neighbor whose house is on fire” and an adjective for “very loud-voiced”—”Ucalegon” and “stentorian”—as well as “someone whose true warnings go unheeded”?

TROY / ILIUM / ILION

B1: Cicero supposedly once said that the Iliad had once been copied in such small writing that the parchment fit into what kind of object, spawning an English phrase meaning “to sum up in just a few words”?

NUTSHELL

B2: An Etruscan corruption of the name of the Trojan youth “Ganymede” is the origin of what archaic English word, which refers to a boy in a relationship with an older man?

CATAMITE

4. People in what profession feared going “in brevia et syrtīs,” carefully avoided a vorāgō or a gurges, and shunned a rūpēs or a scopulus, since they hoped not to endure a naufragium that could kill them on the pelagus or mare?

SAILOR(S) / SAILING [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B1: What is the meaning of the Latin word procella, which represented another common danger to sailors?

STORM / GALE / COMMOTION [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B2: What Latin word, which likely developed out of the plural of the word for “whetstone,” means “rough rock” or “reef”?

CAUTĒS / CŌTĒS

5. Service of what group was denied by Mantitheus and condemned in Against Eratosthenes, a speech that recalled how its members forced Polemarchus’ suicide and Lysias’ exile from Athens in 404 B.C. amid pro-oligarchic repressions?

(THE) THIRTY (TYRANTS)

B1: Which of the “Ten Attic Orators” fled the Thirty Tyrants, returned from Chios, and published Panegyricus in 380 B.C.?

ISOCRATES

B2: The Thirty Tyrants sought to confiscate Polemarchus’ and Lysias’ family business, which produced what items?

SHIELD(S) [PROMPT ON “WEAPON(S)” or “ARM(S)” or “ARMAMENT(S)”]

6. What man’s anger at being served just a haunch of meat perhaps drove his son to leave and marry Argeia, anger at a traveler sparked a fatal fight on the Cleft Way, and anger at his sons led him to curse their alternating rule at Thebes?

OEDIPUS

B1: The anger that fell on Oedipus was said to derive from the abduction of what son of Pelops by his father, Laiüs?

CHRYSIPPUS

B2: What descendant of Laiüs and Oedipus was so keenly pursued by their Erinyes that he abandoned the rule of Thebes and joined the Dorians just before their invasion of the Peloponnese with the Heraclids?

AUTESION

7. What number, two words for which reflect differing dorsal developments and mark a namesake split in Indo-European languages, indicates how many cattle were properly sacrificed in a “hecatomb,” a word derived from Greek’s ἑκατόν?

(A / ONE) HUNDRED

B1: Indo-European languages are sometimes classified based on whether they have what verbal prefix that denotes past time, such as in the Greek aorist’s ἔλιπον and ἔβαλον?

AUGMENT(ATION) / AUGMENT(ED)

B2: What modern country is linguistically divided into northern and southern regions based on what word their most recent ancestral Indo-European languages used for “yes”?

FRANCE

8. Repression of what ideology in one of its major regions caused a revolt by Florus and Sacrovir, who foresaw how the people of Anglesey would suffer under Suetonius Paulinus when he cut down sacred oaks and ended its Celtic cult?

DRUID(ISM) // RELIGION OF THE DRUIDS [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS; PROMPT ON “CELTISM” OR SIMILAR]

B1: A Druidic prophecy after the deposition of Vitellius prompted what Trevirian leader to revolt alongside Julius Tutor and the Batavian chief Julius Civilis?

(JULIUS) CLASSICUS

B2: According to the Historia Augusta, a Druidic priestess told what emperor that his dynasty would not endure—possibly during a campaign where he defeated a local rebel, then spared him and made him corrēctor Lūcāniae?

(LUCIUS DOMITIUS) AURELIAN(US)

9. Greek works in what form were written by Philippus of Thessalonica and Meleager of Gadara, who also compiled them into the “garlands” of the Greek Anthology, inspiring Latin works like Xenia and a 12-book collection by Martial?

EPIGRAM(S) [PROMPT ON “POEM(S)” or “POETRY”]

B1: What lyric poet’s epigrams were also appended to the Greek Anthology, such as one saying his tomb was on Teos?

ANACREON (OF TEOS)

B2: What Neronian-era Greek poet, whose epigrams with stereotyping characterizations likely influenced Martial, shared his name—albeit with a different spelling—with a Roman poet whose work may have once borne the Greek title Schedia?

LUCILLIUS

10. What event led to a discussion where one man said “οἳ οὐ περὶ χρημάτων τὸν ἀγῶνα ποιεῦνται ἀλλὰ περὶ ἀρετῆς” and led others to say “ὑπὸ σκιὰν αὐτοῖς μαχεσόμεθα,” “Ὦ ξεῖν’, ἀγγέλλειν Λακεδαιμονίοις,” and “μολὼν λαβέ!”?

(BATTLE OF) THERMOPYLAE

B1: What single Greek word was supposedly announced to the Athenians by Pheidippides after the Battle of Marathon?

νενικήκαμεν / νικῶμεν / νίκη

B2: What battle was described by Pindar as “ὅθι παῖδες Ἀθαναίων ἐβάλοντο φαεννὰν κρηπῖδ’ ἐλευθερίας”?

(BATTLE OF) ARTEMISIUM / ARTEMISION

11. What island supposedly wandered until it was tied in place by a god whose shrine there later split open to tell suppliants to “seek out their ancient mother” when they came to consult the king Anius at the birthplace of Apollo?

DELOS

B1: Anchises takes the “ancient mother” prophecy as pointing to Crete, since what early Trojan king had come from there?

TEUCER

B2: When the Trojans reached Italy, what envoy goes to meet Latinus and hears him speak of Dardanus and the founding of Troy, yet is denied an alliance because Aeneas himself has not come to offer it?

ILIONEÜS

12. A member of what family, perhaps recalling an ancestor who was the first to commit incestum and be executed as a Vestal, sponsored a law in 215 B.C. that limited possession of gold and banned multi-colored garments for women?

(GĒNS) OPPIA // OPPIĪ // OPPIAN (FAMILY / GĒNS)

B1: Vestia Oppia was one of two inhabitants of what Italian city to support Rome after its defection following Cannae, offering daily sacrifices for Roman success until Fulvius Flaccus recaptured it in 211 B.C.?

CAPUA

B2: What wealthy woman from Canusium was likewise praised for supplying fleeing Romans with supplies after Cannae?

BUSA (PAULINA)

13. What subject was addressed by a grammarian’s self-erected marble inscription in the forum of Praeneste, inspiring a poem that depicted Roman myths in six books—rather than the intended 12—due to the mid-composition exile of Ovid?

FĀSTĪ / CALENDAR / MONTHS / (RELIGIOUS) FESTIVALS

B1: Another set of fāstī was erected in the Temple of Hercules and the Muses by what man, whose victory over the Aetolians was the subject of Ennius’ Ambracia?

(MARCUS) FULVIUS NOBILIOR

B2: Ovid’s Fāstī is also indebted to what lost work, divided into a 25-book section and a 16-book section, the latter of which discussed men, places, times, things of worship, and the gods?

ANTĪQUITĀTĒS (RĒRUM HŪMĀNĀRUM ET DĪVĪNĀRUM) (BY VARRO {OF REATE // REATINUS})

14. What kind of document is the Tabula Peutingeriāna, which may be based on one set up in the Porticus Vipsania by Agrippa that drew on work by grōmāticī or agrīmēnsōrēs and showed the Egnātia, Salāria, and Appia, among others?

(WORLD / ROAD) MAP // (ILLUSTRATED) {ITINERĀRIUM / ITINERARY}

B1: A related document was an itinerārium, listing road distances without illustrations. One famous example is named for what emperor, whose infrastructure project supplanted one built under Platorius Nepos?

ANTONINUS (PIUS)

B2: Another was an eighth-century “cosmography” that described the world from Europe to India and took its name from what city, whose harbor was known simply as Classis due to the fleet stationed there?

RAVENNA

15. What goddess’ annual bath at Nauplia’s spring of Canathus and triple worship as Child, Wife, and Widow reflect her early virgin role, though later myths had her seduced by a god in cuckoo form and bear Hebe, Eileithyia, and Ares?

HERA

B1: This explains the claim that Hera parthenogenetically bore what monster, though most name Gaia as his mother?

TYPH(A)ON / TYPHOEÜS

B2: What city said its Daedala festival began when Zeus won Hera back by faking a wedding to a daughter of King Cithaeron who shared the city’s name, prompting Hera to crash it and discover the bride was really a wooden statue?

PLATAEA

16. What was the standard material formed into a stackable “oxhide” shape, as in the Uluburun shipwreck, allowing it to be easily transported and alloyed with metal from Cornwall to make bronze when it was mined on Cyprus, its namesake?

COPPER

B1: The copper on what island near Boeotia inspired the name for Chalcis, which fought Eretria in the Lelantine War?

EUBOEA

B2: Chalcedon may have been named for its copper mines, but it was called the “city of the blind” after colonists from what city missed the superior nearby site that became Byzantium, which colonists from the same city later founded?

MEGARA

17. Of the Greek nouns νῆσος, αἰδώς, δικαστής, and στάσις, which does not belong because of gender, as it has a similar formation to Greek nouns for “hoplite” and “soldier” to denote someone who assesses νόμος and pronounces justice?

(ὁ) δικαστής

B1: What is the meaning of the Greek noun πρεσβευτής, which is likewise masculine due to its role as an agent word?

AMBASSADOR // OLD MAN // PRIEST

B2: What Greek noun meaning “vine” is feminine despite its form, as plants can follow the model of ἡ δρῦς, or “tree”?

(ἡ) ἄμπελος

18. Note to players: A description is acceptable. In Attic myths, what general place was the original home of the “easily entreated” god Meilichios, was inhabited by the immortal Trophonius and the vanished Amphiaraüs, and birthed serpentine kings like Cecrops and Erichthonius?

(UNDER)GROUND // (THE) EARTH // UNDERWORLD [PROMPT ON “CAVE” BY ASKING “WHERE WAS IT?”]

B1: The Atticans honored the Eumenides as chthonian deities, calling them by what name meaning “venerable goddesses”?

SEMNAI (THEAI)

B2: What other god was first worshiped in the form of a snake who guarded a family’s subterranean household wealth?

(ZEUS) KTESIOS / CTESIUS [PROMPT ON “ZEUS” BY ASKING “WHAT GOD’S CULT DID HE ASSUME?”]

19. Based on their Latin roots, what kind of structure has an area that acts as a dividing “hedge” for those in an area like a “ship”—that is, the “sept” and “nave”—with the latter having spots to “genuflect” to a “high place of sacrifice”?

CHURCH / CATHEDRAL / BASILICA [PROMPT ON “TEMPLE”]

B1: The passageways on either side of a church’s nave are called “aisles,” whose name comes from what short Latin noun?

ĀLA(E) (MEANING “WING(S)”)

B2: A church’s “chancel,” which surrounds the altar, takes its name from a Latin word with what meaning, evoking the form of the barrier that once separated it from the rest of the church?

(CANCELLUS / CANCELLĪ =) LATTICE / GRATING / GRATE / RAILING(S)

20. What work calls its model the first man to “dare to lift up his eyes” against religion and attacks the superstition of Iphigeneia’s sacrifice, deliberately undercutting its opening hymn to Venus in favor of atomism and Epicureanism?

(LUCRETIUS’) DĒ RĒRUM NĀTŪRĀ

B1: Lucretius explains that what atomic “swerve” explains human free will, rejecting the idea that divine will governs?

CLINĀMEN

B2: In Book 5, Lucretius claims that he will discuss what place later in his work but does not return to it, leading some scholars to think that the plague of Athens was not the intended conclusion of the poem?

(BLESSED) {HOME / ABODE} OF THE GODS // (MT.) OLYMPUS [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]