Keartamen Open (KO), Semifinals

1. What kind of thing is, per Aristotle’s and Pliny the Elder’s related sayings, what “ἀεί Λιβύη φέρει” or “semper Āfrica affer[t],” though these seemingly contradict the adages “οὐδὲν καινὸν ὑπὸ τὸν ἥλιον” and “nihil sub sōle novum”?

(A) NEW (THING) // (SOMETHING) NEW [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B1: What Latin phrase appears below a pyramid inscribed “MDCCLXXVI” on an authentication object?

NOVUS ŌRDŌ {SĒCLŌRUM / SAECLŌRUM}

B2: Ecclesiastes’ phrase “there is nothing new under the sun” stands in tension with the phrase “ἰδοὺ καινὰ ποιῶ πάντα” in what New Testament book, since that means “behold, I make all things new”?

(BOOK OF) REVELATION

2. A count was appointed to guard what body of water and its shore forts after revolts by Allectus and Carausius, who used Gesoriacum’s fleet to hold land once surveyed by seashell-gathering troops of Caligula before Britain’s invasion?

ENGLISH CHANNEL // STRAIT(S) OF DOVER // PAS-DE-CALAIS
[PROMPT ON “ATLANTIC (OCEAN)” or “NORTH SEA”]

B1: What man, hailed as “redditor lūcis aeternae” after regaining the English Channel from the rebels, died soon after at Eboracum, where his troops acclaimed his son emperor?

(FLAVIUS VALERIUS) CONSTANTIUS {CHLORUS / I}

B2: What usurper later took advantage of Honorius’ war with Alaric to cross the Channel and establish control in Gaul?

CONSTANTINE III

3. What place’s residents say that their “wall keeps out the enemy” to a “little songbird” whose escape from hunger proves to be perpetual factory labor in a scene from Anaïs Mitchell’s adaptation of the Orpheüs myth as modern musical?

HADESTOWN [PROMPT ON “(THE) UNDERWORLD” OR “HADES”]

B1: What jukebox musical about Christian’s love for Paris’ cabaret star Satine is loosely based on the Orpheüs myth?

MOULIN ROUGE! (THE MUSICAL)

B2: Broadway showrunners have long sought to adapt Black Orpheus, which reimagines Orpheüs as a trolley driver and Eurydice as a newcomer to what country, where she is pursued by a man in a skeleton mask?

BRAZIL

4. In Callimachus’ story, what creature escaped while four similar ones were captured in Parrhasia to pull Artemis’ chariot, though its horns were later inscribed with her name by Taÿgete before Heracles captured it in his third labor?

{CERYNITIAN / CERYNEIAN} {HIND / DEER / DOE / STAG} [PROMPT ON “HIND / DEER / DOE / STAG”]

B1: Artemis’ Parrhasian cult is seen in the myth that what woman, her devotee and Lycaon’s daughter, was from there?

CALLISTO

B2: Parrhasia was the site of what Arcadian city that contains a surviving statue group with an image of Artemis, though it was better known for supposedly being founded by Lycaon and being called the oldest city in the world by Pausanias?

LYCOSURA

5. What Latin verb’s late rise is seen in its use by French and Spanish to form the singular future auxiliary, the Vulgate to render Peter’s question as “quō [blank],” and Spanish to produce vamos after it outcompeted eō to mean “go”?

VĀDŌ / VĀDERE / VĀDIS

B1: The Late Antique tendency was for verbs with monosyllabic forms to be replaced, as with vādō for eō. What Latin verb was replaced by plōrāre due to having some monosyllabic singular forms in the present active indicative?

FLĒŌ / FLĒRE

B2: What verb, which had monosyllabic singular forms in the present active indicative, was replaced by its frequentative?

NŌ / NĀRE

6. What two authors began works with an “archaeology,” with the Roman basing “amputatae sententiae” and “obscura brevitas” on the other’s knotty Greek, plus scenes in the Bellum Catilīnae on the History of The Peloponnesian War?

(GNAEUS) SALLUST(IUS CRISPUS) and THUCYDIDES

B1: Quintilian says he would “not hesitate” to rank Sallust with Thucydides in a passage where he claims the Romans “quoque prōvocāmus Graecōs” in what genre, calling one of its proponents “tersus atque ēlegāns”?

ELEGY // ELEGĪA / ELEGĪĀ // ELEGIAC (POETRY)

B2: Quintilian says any Greek tragedy could be matched by what Roman one, which was staged in 29 B.C. as a pointed attack on Antony’s tyranny by a poet who later wrote a panegyric for Augustus?

(LUCIUS VARIUS RUFUS’) THYESTES

7. What man ignored warnings that he should “flee when a mule became king,” an “iron spear” would kill his son Atys, wealth alone would not make him “the happiest of men” to Solon, and “destroying a mighty empire” could mean his Lydia?

CROESUS (OF LYDIA)

B1: Croesus also ignored the warning that the Lydian dynasty founded by what man, who killed Candaules and supposedly owned a magic ring that granted invisibility to its wearer, would fall in the fifth generation?

GYGES (OF LYDIA)

B2: Croesus also ignored a warning from the Lydian elder Sandanis, who said Croesus had more to lose from the war than the Persians. In the end, Sandanis was proven correct when Cyrus defeated Croesus at what battle outside Sardis?

(BATTLE OF) THYMBRA

8. What force can be expressed by an independent jussive like in “sit fūr, sit sacrilegus... at est bonus imperātor,” the impersonal licet with a subjunctive, cum with a subjunctive followed by tamen, or the conjunction quamquam?

CONCESSION / CONCESSIVE // ADMISSION / ADMISSIVE // GRANT(ING) // ACKNOWLEDGING / ACKNOWLEDGMENT // (AL)THOUGH [PROMPT ON “ADVERSITY / ADVERSATIVE”]

B1: Clauses with what conjunction can take concessive force, though it more often means “how” with the indicative or marks so-called final clauses with the subjunctive?

UT

B2: The relative pronoun may have a concessive sense, though this is usually a function of context. Nonetheless, translate to English this Plautine sentence: “Tū’n tēd expūrgēs mihi, / quī facinus tantum tamque indignum fēcerīs?”

{WOULD YOU // YOU WOULD} (SEEK TO // TRY TO) {EXPURGATE / JUSTIFY / EXCUSE} (YOURSELF) TO ME, {(YOU) WHO // ALTHOUGH YOU} HAVE {MADE / COMMITTED / DONE} SO GREAT AND SO {SHAMEFUL / DISGRACEFUL / UNWORTHY} A CRIME? [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

9. Ill-fated love of what man caused women to become birds like the gold-loving jackdaw and the ever-pursued ciris, the latter since she betrayed Megara to him as he came to avenge Androgeüs and impose a 14-youth tribute on Athens?

MINOS

B1: The motif of a daughter betraying her royal father for love or gold appears in several myths. For example, what woman was so enamored with Amphitryon that she plucked out her father’s golden hair, killing him?

COMAETHO

B2: Another was Pisidice, who betrayed her city of Methymna on Lesbos out of love for what man—who later returned to the island to atone for a murder by sacrificing to Leto, Apollo, and Artemis?

ACHILLES

10. What kind of people are depicted having learned dinner chats in a work by Athenaeüs, who aided a Roman-era revival that led Philostratus to add to their so-called “second” period by writing “lives” of Gorgias and Protagoras?

SOPHIST(S)

B1: What Syrian author is often considered part of the Second Sophistic but was excluded by Philostratus from Lives of the Sophists since he rejected studying rhetoric in favor of writing satires like Dialogues of the Gods?

LUCIAN (OF SAMOSATA)

B2: Another member of the Second Sophistic was the orator Dio of Prusa, who earned what nickname for his eloquence—just like a fourth-century-A.D. saint who composed a Divine Liturgy and was famed for powerful preaching?

CHRYSOSTOM // GOLD(EN)-MOUTH(ED) // GOLD(EN)-TONGUE(D)

11. Based on their Greek roots, what class of things includes one that is the “daughter of the wind,” ones with parts that are “crane-like” and resemble a “water vessel,” one that is like a “rainbow,” and one that “turns to the sun”?

FLOWER(S) / ANGIOSPERM(S) [PROMPT ON “PLANT(S)”]

B1: “Peony” means “healer,” since it derives its name from that of what Greek god, just like a song of praise?

PAEAN / PAE(Ë)ON

B2: What flower’s name comes from an Underworld plant in Greek myth, though its first letter is from Dutch?

DAFFODIL

12. What city fell when a snow-shielded raid swamped Eucles’ unit and aid from Thasos came late with Thucydides, prompting a campaign that led to the Peace of Nicias after Cleon rashly did not wait for reinforcements to fight Brasidas?

AMPHIPOLIS

B1: The battles at Amphipolis were part of a butchered campaign in what region, despite aid by the local Odrysians?

THRACE

B2: Amphipolis was founded on the site of what Thracian settlement that Athens had earlier tried to colonize due to its importance as a regional crossroads, but failed when poor organization led to the massacre of 10,000 settlers?

ENNEA HODOI // NINE WAYS

13. What kind of object is assessed using the canon “difficilior potior est,” appears on tree-like stemmata as capital letters like “A” or “B,” is cited in an apparatus criticus, and is deciphered via paleography of work by copyists?

MANUSCRIPT(S) / CODEX / CODICES / BOOK(S) / SCROLL(S) [PROMPT ON “TEXT(S)”]

B1: An app. crit. uses a capital sigma to represent what marginal annotations by ancient scholars?

SCHOLIA / SCHOLIUM / SCHOLION

B2: What German scholar, also known for a sound law that explains the lengthening of vowels in certain past participles, essentially invented modern textual criticism in a landmark 19th-century edition of Lucretius?

(KARL) LACHMANN

14. Translate the following sentence from English to Latin using the verb “bombiō, bombīre” to mean “to buzz”: “You’re not going to wait until this question finishes to buzz, are you?”

NUM {EXSPECTĀ(BI)S // EXSPECTĀTURUS ES} {DUM / QUOAD} HAEC QUAESTIŌ FĪNIĀTUR,
UT BOMBIĀS? [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B1: Now translate this sentence from Greek to English: “οὐκ ἀποκρινούμεθα ἕως ἡ ἐρώτησις τελευτήσῃ.”

WE WILL NOT {ANSWER / RESPOND} UNTIL THE QUESTION {FINISHES / ENDS} [ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B2: Now translate this sentence from English into the best classical Latin using the noun respōnsum: “I am so far from knowing the answer that I am laughing at the question.”

TANTUM ABEST UT RESPŌNSUM SCIAM, UT (ĪPSAM) QUAESTIŌNEM (DĒ)RĪDEAM
[ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

15. A defense of a man in what profession over half-ownership of his murdered trainee Panurgus formed a 77 B.C. speech by Cicero, whose client Roscius earned more fame than those led by Ambivius Turpio in mask-based works of Terence?

(COMIC / COMEDIC) ACTOR // COMIC // COMEDIAN // COMOEDUS

B1: Professionalization began in 207 B.C. with the creation on the Aventine of what kind of guild for writers and actors?

COLLĒGIUM (SCRĪBĀRUM HISTRIŌNUMQUE) // COLLEGE (OF {WRITERS / SCRIBES} AND ACTORS)

B2: What slave of the otherwise-unknown Claudius provided tībīcen accompaniment for all of Terence’s plays?

FLACCUS

16. Worship of what object led to a cult at Thalamae calling it Pasiphaë, an Arcadian cult imagining its goddess seduced by a white fleece offered by Pan, and a cult at Mt. Latmus claiming it descended to love Endymion in Selene’s form?

(THE) MOON

B1: Selene lost cult importance as other deities were identified with the moon, like what goddess also called “Trivia”?

HECATE / DIANA

B2: Some see signs of a Spartan moon cult, linking Helen’s name to Selene’s and her egg to a moon symbol. The egg was also stored in the temple of what sisters, whose moonlike names and abductions by Helen’s brothers link them to her?

PHOEBE and HILAEIRA [PROMPT ON “LEUCIPPIDES”]

17. What action is done by those for whom “βοῦς ἐμβαίνει μέγας”—a phrase echoed by the watchman in the Agamemnon—occurs suddenly in an “aposiopesis,” and is necessarily impossible for those who ἀγορεύειν, λαλεῖν, εἰπεῖν, or λέγειν?

{BE(COME) / STAY / KEEP / REMAIN / FALL} {SILENT / QUIET} // NOT {SPEAK / TALK} // {PAUSE / STOP} {SPEAKING / TALKING} // SHUT UP [PROMPT ON “PAUSE” OR “STOP” BY ASKING “WHAT ARE YOU {PAUSING / STOPPING} DOING?”; ACCEPT EQUIVALENTS]

B1: What classical rhetorical device appears in the English sentence “I will be silent about that man’s countless crimes”?

APOPHASIS / PARALE(I)PSIS / PRETERITION / PRAETERITIŌ

B2: Define the noun γαλέη, whose accusative the actor Hegelochus accidentally said during Euripides’ Orestes instead of that of γαλήνη, or “quiet sea,” turning a hopeful line about “seeing a quiet sea” into an absurd one that ruined him?

WEASEL

18. Men in what positions were indicted under a 149 B.C. law of Lucius Calpurnius Piso, whose perpetual quaestiō dē repetundīs prosecuted corruption cases like one where Hortensius Hortalus defended Gaius Verres against angry Sicilians?

(PROVINCIAL) GOVERNOR(SHIPS) // (PROVINCIAL) PROCONSUL(SHIPS) // (PROVINCIAL) PROPRAETOR(SHIPS) // (PROVINCIAL) LEGATE(SHIPS)

B1: Piso’s law was passed after Servius Sulpicius Galba massacred what people, causing a decade-long guerilla war?

LUSITANI(ANS)

B2: What man, whose father had been given the title of “patrōnus senātūs,” sought to reform the courts with a set of laws immediately after pūblicānī falsely charged Publius Rutilius Rufus?

(MARCUS) LIVIUS DRUSUS (THE YOUNGER) [PROMPT ON “DRUSUS (THE YOUNGER)”]

19. Who wraps a skeptical magistrate in a scarf, tells him a well-run state is like spun wool, and dumps a chamber pot on him as he rejects plans to end a war, prompting continuation of her strike against Athens’ men in an Aristophanes play?

LYSISTRATA

B1: Lysistrata was staged the same year as what Aristophanes comedy, whose plot about women using a female-only Athenian festival to plot revenge is often read as a commentary on making peace in the Peloponnesian War?

THESMOPHORIAZUSAE // WOMEN {AT / CELEBRATING} THE (FESTIVAL OF THE) THESMOPHORIA

B2: In another Aristophanes play, who rides a dung-beetle to find Peace’s personification, ending the Peloponnesian War?

TRYGAEÜS

20. Who recalls visiting a land where newborn lambs had horns and lying in ambush in a scooped-out sand hole at Eidothea’s advice, illustrating his woes to Peisistratus and a guest who came to seek news of his father from him and Helen?

MENELAÜS

B1: Eidothea covered Menelaüs’ sand hole with the skin of what animal, whose briny stench she masked with ambrosia?

SEAL(S)

B2: Menelaüs gives Telemachus a mixing bowl from Phaedimus, king of what city, from which Paris had earlier brought a fine peplos for Hecuba on the same voyage he abducted Helen from Sparta?

SIDON